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A 3-year-old child is brought to the clinic by the parents who are concerned that the child is not yet potty trained. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Most children are potty trained by this age, so you should be concerned
- B. Every child develops at their own pace. Let's discuss some strategies to help
- C. Your child may need to be evaluated for developmental delays
- D. It's best to force your child to use the potty to encourage training
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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A toddler with a chronic illness that requires frequent hospitalization is likely to experience which psychosocial developmental challenge?
- A. Fixation with feelings of inadequacy
- B. Interference with the development of autonomy
- C. Distortion of differentiation of self from parent
- D. Delayed language, fine-motor, and self-care skills
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers with chronic illnesses requiring frequent hospitalization may experience interference with the development of autonomy. This is because the need for constant medical care can restrict their independence and ability to explore and make choices, which are essential aspects of achieving autonomy according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.
A mother brings her 3-month-old infant to the clinic, concerned about frequent vomiting after feeding. The practical nurse (PN) suspects gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Which recommendation should the PN provide to the mother?
- A. Feed the infant in a prone position.
- B. Provide larger, less frequent feedings.
- C. Keep the infant upright for 30 minutes after feeding.
- D. Offer only formula thickened with rice cereal.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct recommendation for reducing symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants is to keep the infant upright for 30 minutes after feeding. This position helps prevent the backflow of stomach contents, alleviating symptoms of reflux. Placing the infant in a prone position or providing larger, less frequent feedings may worsen symptoms, while offering only formula thickened with rice cereal is not the first-line intervention for GER.
The parents of a 4-year-old child who has just been diagnosed with celiac disease are being educated by a healthcare provider. Which statement by the parents indicates a correct understanding of the condition?
- A. We can give our child small amounts of gluten occasionally
- B. We need to avoid giving our child foods containing wheat, barley, and rye
- C. We should limit our child's intake of dairy products
- D. Our child will need to take gluten-free supplements
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For individuals with celiac disease, a strict gluten-free diet is essential for managing the condition. Foods containing wheat, barley, and rye must be completely avoided to prevent adverse reactions and damage to the intestines. This dietary restriction is crucial to ensure the child's health and well-being in managing celiac disease effectively.
What information should the nurse provide to parents of a 3-year-old boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who inquire about the disease and future children?
- A. This is an inherited X-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family
- B. The striated muscle groups of males can be impacted by a lack of the protein dystrophin in their mothers
- C. The male infant had a viral infection that went unnoticed and untreated so muscle damage was incurred
- D. Birth trauma with a breech vaginal birth causes damage to the spinal cord, thus weakening the muscles
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the DMD gene on the X chromosome. This disorder primarily affects males because they have one X chromosome, inherited from their mothers, who may be carriers of the mutated gene. Females have two X chromosomes, providing a protective effect as the normal gene on one X chromosome can compensate for the mutated gene on the other. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the parents that Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an inherited X-linked recessive disorder, which is why their son has the disease and why there is a risk of passing it on to future sons.
A 15-year-old client with type 1 diabetes presents to the clinic for a routine follow-up. The nurse notes that the client's hemoglobin A1c is 10%. What should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Increase the frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose.
- B. Discuss dietary changes to reduce carbohydrate intake.
- C. Review the client's insulin administration technique.
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A hemoglobin A1c of 10% indicates poor blood glucose control, reflecting an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. To improve control, the plan of care should be comprehensive. Increasing the frequency of self-monitoring blood glucose helps track changes in blood sugar levels. Discussing dietary changes to reduce carbohydrate intake can aid in better blood sugar management. Reviewing the client's insulin administration technique ensures proper medication dosing. Therefore, all the options (increasing monitoring, discussing dietary changes, and reviewing insulin administration) are essential components of the plan of care to address the client's poor blood glucose control.