Chronic Illness Questions

Chronic Illness Questions Related

Review Chronic Illness Questions related questions and content

A 3-year-old girl with a Wilms tumor is returning to the unit after a simple nephrectomy. Which of the following actions have the highest priority in caring for this child?

  • A. Maintaining NPO.
  • B. Monitoring the BP every 2 hours.
  • C. Turning her every 2 hours.
  • D. Administering pain medication every 4 hours.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: After a nephrectomy for Wilms tumor, monitoring blood pressure (BP) every 2 hours is the highest priority because kidney removal disrupts renin-angiotensin regulation, risking hypo- or hypertension, especially in a young child with one remaining kidney. Using the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), BP falls under circulation, a critical postoperative focus to detect shock or fluid imbalance early. Maintaining NPO is temporary post-anesthesia but shifts to hydration once awake, less urgent than BP. Turning every 2 hours prevents pressure ulcers, but a mobile 3-year-old post-simple nephrectomy likely moves independently unless sedated, lowering its priority. Pain medication is key but ranks lower (e.g., G' in extended ABCs) than circulation. Frequent BP checks ensure stability, aligning with nursing's role in pediatric surgical care to prevent complications in a child adapting to single-kidney function.

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A study by Epstein & Sowers found that hypertension was X times as prevalent in patients with diabetes compared to the general population. What is X?

  • A. Two
  • B. Three
  • C. Four
  • D. Five
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes doubles hypertension's odds Epstein & Sowers peg it at two times higher, as insulin resistance and vascular stiffness team up, amplifying prevalence over the general crowd. Three, four, five, or six inflate the risk beyond data, skewing the synergy. This duo's frequent dance tied to shared pathways like RAAS pushes clinicians to screen harder, tackling both to cut cardiovascular and renal doom, a chronic combo grounded in solid stats.

Which feature is not suspicious for allopurinol-induced SCAR?

  • A. Generalised itch within 24 - 48 hours
  • B. Sore throat
  • C. Transaminitis
  • D. Conjunctivitis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: SCAR sore throat, liver jump, eye burn, fever scream; itch alone's mild, not dire. Nurses sift this chronic rash red flag.

A 56-year-old patient comes to the walk-in clinic for scant rectal bleeding and intermittent diarrhea and constipation for the past several months. There is a history of polyps and a family history for colorectal cancer. While you are trying to teach about colonoscopy, the patient becomes angry and threatens to leave. What is the priority diagnosis?

  • A. Diarrhea/Constipation related to altered bowel patterns
  • B. Knowledge Deficit related to disease process and diagnostic procedure
  • C. Risk for Fluid Volume Deficit related to rectal bleeding and diarrhea
  • D. Anxiety related to unknown outcomes and perceived threat to body integrity
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The patient's anger and threat to leave during colonoscopy teaching signal emotional distress overriding physical symptoms. Anxiety stemming from uncertain outcomes and perceived bodily threat fits, as colorectal cancer risk tied to polyps and family history heightens fear, blocking education uptake. Diarrhea/constipation reflects symptoms but isn't immediately urgent with scant bleeding. Knowledge deficit exists but is secondary fear drives the refusal, not just ignorance. Fluid volume risk is plausible with bleeding, yet no data suggests acute loss; stability allows focus on emotions. Addressing anxiety first calms the patient, enabling teaching and care, a priority in this tense encounter where psychological barriers could delay critical colorectal screening and intervention.

Cardiac catheterisation (angiography) is performed to assess blood flow through the coronary arteries through use of a contrast agent and radiographic imaging. The nursing responsibilities in caring for the patient post angiography do not include:

  • A. Applying pressure and observing the insertion site for bleeding or haematoma formation
  • B. Informing the patient of the findings of the angiogram to allay fear and provide reassurance
  • C. Monitor for arrhythmias by both cardiac monitoring and assessing apical or peripheral pulses
  • D. Encourage fluids to increase urinary output and flush out the dye
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Post-angio, nurses press sites, watch rhythms, flush dye hands-on musts. Telling results? Docs' turf nurses soothe, don't spill, a chronic care line.

A 79 year old woman is told by his GP that she has postural hypertension. Which of the following BP is she likely to be having?

  • A. A drop of 15 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
  • B. A drop of 17 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
  • C. A drop of 21 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
  • D. A rise of 5 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Postural hypotension 21/10 drop flags, not rises or mild dips. Nurses catch this chronic stand slip (assuming typo meant hypotension).

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