Nokea
A 34-year-old has a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. The nurse will discuss the need to schedule a dilated eye exam
- A. every 2 years
- B. as soon as possible
- C. when the patient is 39 years old
- D. within the first year after diagnosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (as soon as possible) because individuals with type 2 diabetes are at risk for diabetic retinopathy, a complication that can lead to vision loss. Early detection through a dilated eye exam allows for timely intervention to prevent or slow down progression. Choice A (every 2 years) may not be frequent enough for early detection. Choice C (when the patient is 39 years old) is not specific to the individual's diabetes diagnosis. Choice D (within the first year after diagnosis) is too delayed for optimal monitoring. Thus, scheduling a dilated eye exam as soon as possible is crucial for early detection and management of diabetic retinopathy.
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Cultural diversity presents an important challenge to nurse managers due to which of the following?
- A. A nursing shortage exists
- B. Staff nurses are not trained to be culturally sensitive
- C. 80% of nursing staff comes from one or more minority groups
- D. The increase in cultural diversity is seen both in the patient population and the nursing staff
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because an increase in cultural diversity in both the patient population and nursing staff can lead to challenges in communication, understanding beliefs and practices, and providing culturally competent care. This can impact patient outcomes and require nurse managers to address cultural competence training and policies.
Choice A (nursing shortage) is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the challenge of cultural diversity. Choice B (lack of cultural sensitivity training) may contribute to the challenge but is not the primary reason. Choice C (80% of nursing staff from minority groups) is incorrect as it presents a specific statistic without addressing the broader implications of cultural diversity in both patients and staff.
A Manager decides that setting goals will assist her in better utilizing her time. Which of the following are true regarding goal setting in the Manager role?
- A. Goals need to be measurable, realistic, and achievable to be effective.
- B. Writing goals will increase the stress level of the Manager.
- C. Goals should be vague, so they are more likely to be met.
- D. Setting goals is a time waster in the Manager role.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Goals need to be measurable, realistic, and achievable to be effective. This is because measurable goals provide clarity on progress, realistic goals are attainable, and achievable goals boost motivation.
Incorrect answers:
B: Writing goals will increase the stress level of the Manager - This is incorrect as goal setting helps in organizing tasks and reducing stress.
C: Goals should be vague, so they are more likely to be met - Vague goals lack clarity and direction, making them less likely to be achieved.
D: Setting goals is a time waster in the Manager role - Setting goals helps in prioritizing tasks and improving efficiency, making it a valuable time management tool.
Which of the following is a potential benefit of social media?
- A. Sharing the fun side of nursing by posting a video of nurses singing and dancing in the hallways of the hospital while on duty
- B. Connecting with clients to keep up with their health status
- C. Connecting with the public to encourage healthy behaviors
- D. Sharing pictures of interesting clinical experiences with friends
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because connecting with the public to encourage healthy behaviors is a potential benefit of social media. It allows healthcare professionals to reach a wider audience and promote positive health practices. Choice A is inappropriate as it may violate patient confidentiality. Choice B is more focused on individual clients rather than a broader public health approach. Choice D may also risk violating patient privacy and lacks the educational aspect of promoting healthy behaviors.
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a female client who has hypovolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be a priority for the nurse to report to the provider?
- A. BUN 21 mg/dL (10 to 20 mg/dL)
- B. Potassium 5.8 mEq/L (3.5 to 5 mEq/L)
- C. Creatinine 1.4 mg/dL (0.5 to 1.1 mg/dL)
- D. Sodium 132 mEq/L (136 to 145 mEq/L)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Potassium 5.8 mEq/L. In hypovolemia, there is a decrease in blood volume leading to electrolyte imbalances. Potassium levels outside the normal range can be life-threatening, causing cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, a potassium level of 5.8 mEq/L is a priority to report to the provider for prompt intervention.
Rationale for why the other choices are incorrect:
A: BUN within the normal range. It may indicate dehydration but not immediately life-threatening.
C: Creatinine slightly elevated, indicating kidney function impairment but not as critical as potassium imbalance.
D: Sodium within acceptable range, not an immediate concern in hypovolemia.
A 38-year-old patient who has type 1 diabetes plans to swim laps daily at 1:00 PM. The clinic nurse will plan to teach the patient to
- A. check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming.
- B. delay eating the noon meal until after swimming.
- C. increase the morning dose of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) insulin.
- D. time the morning insulin injection so that the peak occurs while swimming.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the patient with type 1 diabetes should check glucose levels before, during, and after swimming to monitor for fluctuations and adjust insulin or food intake accordingly. This allows for better glycemic control and prevents hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia during and after swimming.
Choice B is incorrect because delaying eating can lead to hypoglycemia during swimming due to increased insulin action without adequate glucose intake. Choice C is incorrect as increasing NPH insulin dose without monitoring glucose levels can result in hypoglycemia during exercise. Choice D is incorrect because timing the insulin injection for peak action while swimming can also lead to hypoglycemia if glucose levels are not monitored.