ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical

ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical Related

Review ATI Detailed Answer Key Medical Surgical related questions and content

A 35-year-old client is admitted for elective tubal ligation. During the preoperative teaching, the client states, 'The anesthesiologist said she was going to give me balanced anesthesia. What exactly is that?' The best explanation by the nurse is that balanced anesthesia:

  • A. is a type of regional anesthesia.
  • B. uses equal amounts of inhalation agents and liquid agents.
  • C. does not depress the central nervous system.
  • D. is a combination of several anesthetic agents or drugs, which produce a smooth induction with minimal complications.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A regional anesthesia does not produce loss of consciousness and is indicated for excision of moles, cysts, and endoscopic surgeries. Varying amounts of anesthetic agents are used when employing balanced anesthesia. The amounts used depend on the age, weight, condition of the client and the surgical procedure. General anesthesia is a drug induced depression of the central nervous system, which produces loss of consciousness and decreased muscle activity. Balanced anesthesia is a combination of a number of anesthetic agents that produce a smooth induction, appropriate depth of anesthesia, and appropriate muscle relaxation with minimal complications.

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What is the priority intervention for a patient admitted to your unit diagnosed with advanced amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?

  • A. Develop a method of communication.
  • B. Provide six small meals high in protein and assist with feeding.
  • C. Do not involve the patient in decisions about his healthcare because he is not in the mental state to respond.
  • D. Provide six normal meals high in protein and assist with feeding.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Communication becomes critical as ALS progresses and affects motor functions.

A client with emphysema is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following findings should the nurse not expect to assess in this client?

  • A. Dyspnea
  • B. Bradycardia
  • C. Barrel chest
  • D. Clubbing of the fingers
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Emphysema causes impaired gas exchange, leading to dyspnea (A) due to difficulty breathing.
Step 2: Emphysema results in hyperinflation of the lungs, causing a barrel chest (C) due to increased chest diameter.
Step 3: Clubbing of the fingers (D) is a sign of chronic hypoxia, commonly seen in emphysema.
Step 4: Bradycardia (B) is not typically associated with emphysema; tachycardia is more common due to the body compensating for hypoxia.

A nurse in an emergency room is caring for a client who sustained partial-thickness burns to both lower legs, chest, face, and both forearms. Which of the following is the priority action the nurse should take?

  • A. Insert an indwelling urinary catheter.
  • B. Inspect the mouth for signs of inhalation injuries.
  • C. Administer intravenous pain medication.
  • D. Draw blood for a complete blood cell (CBC) count.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Inspect the mouth for signs of inhalation injuries. This is the priority action because inhalation injuries can be life-threatening due to airway compromise. The nurse should assess for soot in the mouth, facial burns, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing. This allows for prompt intervention if respiratory distress is present.

A: Inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is not the priority as it does not address the immediate life-threatening issue.
C: Administering pain medication is important but not the priority over assessing for inhalation injuries which could lead to respiratory distress.
D: Drawing blood for a CBC count is not the priority as it does not address the immediate threat to the client's airway.

A patient who completed detoxing from heroin tells you that his or her family members who are not substance abusers do not understand how it feels to go through withdrawal. He or she asks you for advice. Which of the following is the best response?

  • A. Tell your family members to attend Alcoholics Anonymous.
  • B. Ask your family members if they ever had the flu. Tell them that withdrawal is like having the worst flu they ever had.
  • C. Tell your family member that going through withdrawal is like going on a diet.
  • D. Tell your family member to try heroin once.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Comparing withdrawal to a severe flu helps family members understand the physical symptoms without trivializing the experience.

What considerations and interventions should be used when caring for a client with a hearing impairment?

  • A. Use written communication
  • B. Speak loudly and slowly
  • C. Provide visual aids
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Using multiple strategies ensures effective communication and accommodation for the client's needs.

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