Nokea
A 4-week-old infant admitted with the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis presents with a history of vomiting. The nurse should anticipate that the infant's vomitus would contain gastric contents and which of the following?
- A. Bile and streaks of blood.
- B. Mucus and bile.
- C. Mucus and streaks of blood.
- D. Stool and bile.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pyloric stenosis causes vomiting of gastric contents, mucus, and sometimes blood due to irritation, but not bile.
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After teaching the parents of a preschooler who has undergone a tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy about appropriate foods to give the child after discharge, which of the following, if stated by the parents as appropriate foods, indicates successful teaching?
- A. Meat loaf and uncooked carrots.
- B. Pork and noodle casserole.
- C. Cream of chicken soup and orange sherbet.
- D. Hot dog and potato chips.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cream of chicken soup and orange sherbet are soft, non-irritating foods suitable for a child post-tonsillectomy, as they are easy to swallow and unlikely to irritate the surgical site. Meat loaf, uncooked carrots, pork, noodles, hot dogs, and potato chips are harder or crunchier foods that could irritate or cause discomfort.
A child diagnosed with Wilms' tumor undergoes successful surgery for removal of the diseased kidney. When the child returns to the room, the nurse should place the child in which position?
- A. Modified Trendelenburg.
- B. Sims'.
- C. Semi-Fowler's.
- D. Supine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Semi-Fowler's aids breathing.
Which of the following questions should the nurse ask first when obtaining a history from the mother of a 10-year-old child with a fever, complaints of not feeling well, and swelling around the eyes?
- A. Has the child had a sore throat recently?
- B. Is the child playing with friends as usual?
- C. Does the child urinate as much as usual?
- D. Is the urine pale in color?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sore throat could indicate streptococcal infection.
A nurse is counseling parents of an obese child. Which lifestyle change should be emphasized?
- A. Eliminate all carbohydrates.
- B. Increase physical activity.
- C. Restrict meals to twice daily.
- D. Use meal replacement shakes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Increased physical activity promotes weight control and health. Eliminating carbohydrates, restricting meals, or using shakes are not sustainable or appropriate for children.
During the acute stage of meningitis, a 3-year-old child is restless and irritable. Which of the following would be most appropriate to institute?
- A. Limiting conversation with the child.
- B. Keeping extraneous noise to a minimum.
- C. Allowing the child to play in the bathtub.
- D. Performing treatments quickly.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Minimizing noise reduces sensory stimulation, which can exacerbate irritability in a child with meningitis.