ATI Hematologic System

ATI Hematologic System Related

Review ATI Hematologic System related questions and content

A 4-year-old male child presents to the emergency department with his fourth invasive Staph infection. CBC consistently identifies moderate neutropenia. Sophisticated lab testing identifies lack of Toll-like receptor responses. The patient undergoes whole exome sequencing and is found to have pathogenic variants in IRAK4. What does 'IRAK4' stand for?

  • A. Interferon gamma receptor-associated kinase 4
  • B. Inducible RAS activating kinase 4
  • C. Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4
  • D. Immune response activating kinase 4
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Identify the function of IRAK4.
IRAK4 is involved in the signaling pathway of the immune system, particularly in response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor activation.

Step 2: Break down the acronym IRAK4.
IRAK4 stands for Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinase 4.

Step 3: Link the information in the question to the correct answer.
Given that the patient has a lack of Toll-like receptor responses and pathogenic variants in IRAK4, it indicates a problem with the interleukin-1 signaling pathway, making choice C (Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 4) the correct answer.

Summary:
A: Incorrect - Interferon gamma receptor-associated kinase does not match the function of IRAK4.
B: Incorrect - Inducible RAS activating kinase does not match the function of IRAK4.
C: Correct - Matches the function of IRAK4

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A nurse is monitoring a client who is undergoing anticoagulant therapy with heparin. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as a possible indication of hemorrhage?

  • A. Rapid pulse
  • B. Yellowing of the sclera
  • C. Elevated blood pressure
  • D. Pale-colored stools
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Rapid pulse. Hemorrhage is a potential complication of anticoagulant therapy with heparin due to the increased risk of bleeding. A rapid pulse can indicate hypovolemia from blood loss, a common sign of hemorrhage. Yellowing of the sclera (choice B) is a sign of jaundice, not directly related to hemorrhage. Elevated blood pressure (choice C) is not typically associated with hemorrhage. Pale-colored stools (choice D) can be indicative of liver or gallbladder issues, but not specifically hemorrhage. Overall, a rapid pulse is the most relevant finding to indicate possible hemorrhage in a client on heparin therapy.

Blinatumomab, a bispecific T-cell engaging molecule, is active against which CD antigen that is expressed on B-lymphoblasts?

  • A. CD10
  • B. CD15
  • C. CD19
  • D. CD20
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Blinatumomab is designed to engage T cells to target CD19 antigen on B-lymphoblasts.
2. CD19 is a specific marker expressed on B cells, making it a target for Blinatumomab.
3. CD10 is not targeted by Blinatumomab and is commonly found on early B-cell precursors.
4. CD15 and CD20 are not targeted by Blinatumomab and have different functions unrelated to B-lymphoblasts.

Summary:
- CD19 is the correct answer as it is the specific target for Blinatumomab on B-lymphoblasts.
- CD10, CD15, and CD20 are incorrect as they are not the targeted antigens for Blinatumomab and have different roles in immune function.

A patient with pancytopenia has a bone marrow aspiration from the left posterior iliac crest. Which action would be important for the nurse to take after the procedure?

  • A. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees.
  • B. Apply a sterile 2-inch gauze dressing to the site.
  • C. Use a half-inch sterile gauze to pack the wound.
  • D. Have the patient lie on the left side for 1 hour.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Having the patient lie on the left side for 1 hour after a bone marrow aspiration helps to prevent bleeding by applying pressure to the site. This position helps to promote clotting and reduces the risk of hematoma formation. Elevating the head of the bed (choice A) is not necessary for this procedure. Applying a sterile 2-inch gauze dressing (choice B) is important but does not address the immediate post-procedure care. Using a half-inch sterile gauze to pack the wound (choice C) is not recommended as it may disrupt the clotting process.

The nurse is explaining the role of red blood cells with oxygen transport in the body with a nursing student. Which term should the nurse use to describe hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen to the body's cells?

  • A. Reduced
  • B. Detached
  • C. Oxyhemoglobin
  • D. Hypoxyhemoglobin
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct term to describe hemoglobin that has given up its oxygen to the body's cells is "Reduced." When hemoglobin releases oxygen to the body's cells, it becomes deoxygenated or reduced hemoglobin. This term accurately reflects the chemical state of the hemoglobin molecule after oxygen release.

Summary of other choices:
- B: "Detached" does not accurately describe the process of oxygen release by hemoglobin.
- C: "Oxyhemoglobin" refers to hemoglobin bound to oxygen, not after it has given up oxygen.
- D: "Hypoxyhemoglobin" refers to hemoglobin with low oxygen levels, not after it has given up oxygen.

A study is designed to investigate the rates of central line–associated blood stream infections among pediatric hematology/oncology patients. Three common central line types (totally implanted catheter [port], peripherally inserted central catheter [PICC], and tunneled externalized catheter [TEC]) were included in the study. What data structure is central line type?

  • A. Continuous
  • B. Dichotomous
  • C. Nominal
  • D. Ordinal
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Nominal. The central line types in this study (port, PICC, TEC) are categorical and do not have a natural order or ranking. They are simply names or labels representing different types of central lines. This makes them fall under the nominal data structure category. Continuous data (choice A) would involve measurements with infinite possible values. Dichotomous data (choice B) would have only two categories. Ordinal data (choice D) would imply a natural ranking or order among the categories, which is not applicable in this context.

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