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A 40-year-old adult living with parents' states, 'I'm happy but I don't socialize much. My work is routine. When new things come up, my boss explains them a few times to make sure I understand. At home, my parents make decisions for me, and I go along with them.' A nurse should identify interventions to improve which patient characteristic?
- A. Self-concept
- B. Overall happiness
- C. Appraisal of reality
- D. Control over behavior
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The patient feels the need for multiple explanations of new tasks at work and, despite being 40 years of age, allows both parents to make all decisions. These behaviors indicate a poorly developed self-concept. Although the patient reports being happy, the subsequent comments refute that self-appraisal. The patient's comments do not indicate that he/she is out of touch with reality. The patient's needs are broader than control over own behavior.
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Which basic intervention should a psychiatric mental health nurse plan to provide for a patient diagnosed with a mood disorder?
- A. Sharing clinical expertise to enhance patient treatment
- B. Performing individual or group psychotherapy for the patient
- C. Using appropriate diagnostic tests to monitor patient condition
- D. Conducting stress reduction and health maintenance classes
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Conducting stress reduction and health maintenance classes is the basic intervention that should be performed by a psychiatric mental health nurse. These classes will provide individualized guidance to patients to prevent or reduce mental illness and improve mental health. Community screenings and stress management classes are examples of health maintenance classes. The other options are advanced practice interventions.
A participant at a community education conference asks, 'What is the most prevalent type of mental disorder in the United States?' What is the nurse's best response?
- A. Why do you ask?
- B. Schizophrenia
- C. Affective disorders
- D. Anxiety disorders
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The prevalence for schizophrenia is 1.1% per year. The prevalence of all affective disorders (e.g., depression, dysthymic disorder, bipolar) is 9.5%. The prevalence of anxiety disorders is 18.1%.
A nurse wants to find a description of diagnostic criteria for a person diagnosed with schizophrenia. Which resource should the nurse consult?
- A. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- B. Journal of the American Psychiatric Association
- C. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I)
- D. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The DSM-5 identifies diagnostic criteria for psychiatric diagnoses. The other sources have useful information but are not the best resources for finding a description of the diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder.
In the majority culture of the United States, which individual is at greatest risk to be incorrectly labeled mentally ill?
- A. Person who is usually pessimistic but strives to meet personal goals.
- B. Wealthy person who gives $20 bills to needy individuals in the community.
- C. Person with an optimistic viewpoint about getting his or her own needs met.
- D. Person who expresses strong beliefs about the existence of alien abductions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Possessing and expressing unpopular or unsubstantiated beliefs often suggests an individual is mentally unstable. In this situation, cultural norms vary, making it more difficult to make an accurate DSM-5 diagnosis. The individuals described in the other options are less likely to be labeled as mentally ill.
A nurse must assess several new patients at a community mental health center. Conclusions concerning current functioning should be made on the basis of what factor?
- A. The degree of conformity of the individual to society's norms.
- B. The degree to which an individual appears logical and rational.
- C. A continuum from mentally healthy to mentally unhealthy.
- D. The rate of their intellectual and emotional growth.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Because mental health and mental illness are relative concepts, assessment of functioning is made by using a continuum. Mental health is not based on conformity; some mentally healthy individuals do not conform to society's norms. Most individuals occasionally display illogical or irrational thinking. The rate of intellectual and emotional growth is not the most useful criterion to assess mental health or mental illness.