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A 40-year-old female is losing most of her hair as a result of chemotherapy. Which of the following statements best explains chemotherapy-induced alopecia?
- A. The new growth of hair will be gray.
- B. The hair loss is temporary.
- C. A new hair growth will always be the same texture and color as it was before chemotherapy.
- D. The client should avoid use of wigs when possible.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia is temporary, with hair typically regrowing within months after treatment ends, which is a reassuring and accurate explanation.
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A client is admitted to the hospital with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) of the lower extremities. He is scheduled for an amputation of the left leg. The client says, 'I've really tried to manage my condition well.' Which of the following routines should the nurse evaluate as having been appropriate for him?
- A. Resting with his legs elevated above the level of his heart
- B. Walking slowly but steadily for 30 minutes twice a day
- C. Minimizing activity
- D. Wearing antiembolism stockings at all times when out of bed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Walking slowly but steadily for 30 minutes twice a day promotes collateral circulation and maintains muscle strength in PVD, an appropriate self-management strategy. Elevating legs above the heart is contraindicated in arterial insufficiency, minimizing activity worsens ischemia, and antiembolism stockings are more suited for venous issues.
The nurse is teaching a client who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis how to avoid spreading the disease to family members. Which statement(s) by the client indicate(s) that he has understood the nurse's instructions? Select all that apply.
- A. I will need to dispose of my old clothing when I return home.
- B. I should always cover my mouth and nose when sneezing.
- C. I'll be important that I isolate myself from family when possible.
- D. I should use paper tissues to cough in and dispose of them promptly.
- E. I can use regular plates and utensils whenever I eat.
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Covering the mouth when sneezing (B), using tissues for coughing and disposing of them (D), and using regular utensils (E) prevent tuberculosis spread. Disposing of clothing is unnecessary. Isolation is only needed until the client is non-infectious (after 2–3 weeks of treatment).
A small airplane crashes in a neighborhood of 10 houses. One of the victims appears to have a cervical spine injury. What should first-aid for this victim should be selected that apply.
- A. Establish an airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver.
- B. Immobilize the spine.
- C. Logroll the victim to a side-lying position.
- D. Elevate the feet 6" (15.2 cm).
- E. Place a cervical collar around the neck.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: For a suspected cervical spine injury, the airway should be opened with the jaw-thrust maneuver, the spine immobilized, and a cervical collar applied to prevent further injury. Logrolling or elevating feet could exacerbate the injury.
The client with a cataract tells the nurse that she is afraid of being awake during eye surgery. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be the most appropriate?
- A. Have you ever had any reactions to local anesthetics in the past?
- B. What is it that disturbs you about the idea of being awake?
- C. With a local anesthetic, you won't have nausea and vomiting after the surgery.
- D. There's really nothing to fear about being awake. You'll be given a medication that will help you relax.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should give a client who seems fearful of surgery an opportunity to express her feelings. Only after identifying the client's concerns can the nurse address them appropriately. Asking about previous reactions to anesthetics or discussing nausea does not address the client's fear. Minimizing the client's feelings by saying there is nothing to fear ignores her concerns.
As the nurse assists the postoperative client out of bed, the client reports having gas pains in the abdomen. Which of the following is the most effective nursing intervention to relieve this discomfort?
- A. Encourage the client to ambulate.
- B. Insert a rectal tube.
- C. Insert a nasogastric (NG) tube.
- D. Encourage the client to drink carbonated liquids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ambulation stimulates bowel motility, relieving gas pains effectively and safely.