Nokea
A 40-year-old patient presents with frequent episodes of heartburn, regurgitation, and a sour taste in the mouth after meals. Symptoms are worse when lying down or bending over. Which of the following conditions is the most likely cause of these symptoms?
- A. Gastric ulcer
- B. Hiatal hernia
- C. Pancreatitis
- D. Peptic esophagitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hiatal hernia allows acid reflux into the esophagus, worsened by lying down or bending, causing heartburn and regurgitation.
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If an incision had to be made in the small intestine to remove an obstruction, which tunica would be cut first?
- A. muscularis
- B. mucosa
- C. submucosa
- D. serosa
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The serosa is the outermost layer of the small intestine and would be the first layer cut during surgery.
A client with an elevated amylase level asks the nurse about the altered value. The nurse bases a response on knowledge that amylase:
- A. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for carbohydrate digestion
- B. Plays no significant role in physiological processes
- C. Is an enzyme from the pancreas needed for fat digestion
- D. Is an enzyme from the pancreas that is the major component of bile
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Amylase, produced by the pancreas, digests carbohydrates into sugars.
All the following are contents of space of Disse except:
- A. Pit cells
- B. Unmyelinated nerve fibers
- C. Ito cells
- D. Kupffer cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Kupffer cells are in the sinusoidal lumen, not the space of Disse, which contains Ito cells, plasma, and microvilli.
Match: Lacteal
- A. absorbs fat within the villi
- B. transports oxygen
- C. produces mucus
- D. secretes enzymes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries within the villi that absorb dietary fats.
Filiform papilla of tongue:
- A. Present at sulcus terminalis.
- B. Covered by Parakeratinized epith.
- C. Carry taste buds.
- D. Has underlying Von Ebner's glands.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Filiform papillae are covered by parakeratinized epithelium and are numerous on the anterior tongue, but they do not carry taste buds or have Von Ebner's glands.