Nokea
A 42-year-old female is interested in making dietary changes to reduce her risk of colon cancer. What dietary selections should the nurse suggest?
- A. Croissant, granola and peanut butter squares, whole milk.
- B. Bran muffin, skim milk, stir-fried broccoli.
- C. Granola, bagel with cream cheese, cauliflower salad.
- D. Oatmeal, raisin cookies, baked potato with sour cream, turkey sandwich.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A diet high in fiber (bran muffin, broccoli) and low in fat (skim milk) reduces colon cancer risk by promoting healthy digestion and reducing carcinogenic exposure in the colon.
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Which assessment is most important for a client receiving mannitol?
- A. Blood pressure.
- B. Urine output.
- C. Pain level.
- D. Pupil response.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Urine output is critical to monitor for mannitol's diuretic effect in reducing intracranial pressure.
The nurse should assess the client with bladder cancer for which of the following?
- A. Suprapubic pain.
- B. Dysuria.
- C. Painless hematuria.
- D. Urine retention.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Painless hematuria is a hallmark symptom of bladder cancer, often presenting as the initial sign due to tumor growth causing bleeding without associated pain.
The nurse has reinforced education at a conference on intramuscular (IM) injections. Which of the following statements by the participant would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
- A. "1 mL is the maximum volume in a single site for small children and older infants."
- B. "Depress the plunger as the needle is being inserted into the client's skin to minimize discomfort."
- C. "Insert the needle quickly using a dart-like motion at a 60-degree angle."
- D. "Injecting in the ventrogluteal muscle is more painful than the vastus lateralis."
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The maximum volume for IM injections in small children and older infants is 1 mL to prevent tissue damage; other options contain incorrect techniques or assumptions.
Which client position is contraindicated for a client with a spinal cord injury?
- A. Supine with head flat.
- B. Logrolling technique.
- C. Head elevated 30 degrees.
- D. Neutral neck alignment.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Supine with head flat is contraindicated as it may increase spinal pressure; other positions support alignment and safety.
The nurse is assessing a client's activity tolerance by having the client walk on a treadmill for 5 minutes. Which of the following indicates an abnormal response?
- A. Pulse rate increased by 20 beats per minute (bpm) immediately after the activity.
- B. Respiratory rate decreased by 5 breaths/minute.
- C. Diastolic blood pressure increased by 7 mm Hg.
- D. Pulse rate within 6 bpm of resting pulse after 3 minutes of rest.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A decrease in respiratory rate after exercise is abnormal, as physical activity typically increases respiratory demand to meet oxygen needs. A pulse increase of 20 bpm, a slight rise in diastolic blood pressure, and a near-return to resting pulse after 3 minutes are normal responses to moderate exercise.