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A 43-year-old woman with fatigue, heavy periods, low iron, ferritin. Anemia?
- A. Thalassemia
- B. Iron deficiency
- C. Sideroblastic anemia
- D. Anemia of chronic disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Iron deficiency anemia. This woman presents with fatigue, heavy periods, low iron, and ferritin levels, which are classic symptoms of iron deficiency anemia. Iron is essential for red blood cell production, and a deficiency leads to decreased oxygen-carrying capacity causing fatigue. Thalassemia (choice A) would show microcytic anemia with normal iron studies. Sideroblastic anemia (choice C) presents with ringed sideroblasts on bone marrow biopsy. Anemia of chronic disease (choice D) is typically normocytic or microcytic and occurs in chronic inflammatory conditions.
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Which is false regarding Burkitt’s lymphoma?
- A. t(c-myc) on chromosome 18
- B. Abdominal involvement in HIV
- C. Starry sky from EBV/malaria
- D. Cyclophosphamide treatment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because t(c-myc) in Burkitt's lymphoma is actually a translocation between chromosome 8 and 14 or less commonly 8 and 22. This translocation leads to the overexpression of c-myc oncogene. Choice B is correct as Burkitt's lymphoma often presents with abdominal involvement in HIV patients. Choice C is true as the characteristic "starry sky" appearance is due to the high number of macrophages engulfing apoptotic lymphoma cells. Choice D is also true, as cyclophosphamide is a common chemotherapy drug used to treat Burkitt's lymphoma.
What is the life span of RBC
- A. 120
- B. 100
- C. 200
- D. 80
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 120 days. Red blood cells (RBCs) have a lifespan of around 120 days. This is because they do not contain a nucleus and other organelles, limiting their ability to repair and maintain themselves. RBCs are constantly being produced and replaced by the bone marrow. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the established scientific knowledge regarding the lifespan of RBCs. A lifespan of 100, 200, or 80 days is not consistent with the typical turnover rate and function of red blood cells in the body.
Which of the following problems is expected in a child who is in end-stage renal failure?
- A. Anemia
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Hypotension
- D. Renal calculi
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Anemia. End-stage renal failure leads to decreased production of erythropoietin, resulting in anemia. This causes a decrease in red blood cell production, leading to fatigue, weakness, and pale skin in the child.
Explanation for why other choices are incorrect:
B: Diarrhea is not typically associated with end-stage renal failure.
C: Hypotension may occur in some cases of renal failure, but it is not a common problem in end-stage renal failure.
D: Renal calculi are more common in conditions like kidney stones, which may lead to renal failure, but they are not directly expected in a child in end-stage renal failure.
The nurse is aware that blood type O is considered the universal donor. This means all patients can receive blood type O. Knowing this, which of the following blood can be administered to which patient. (Select all that apply.)
- A. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type A and O.
- B. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type B and O.
- C. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type O only.
- D. A patient with blood type A can recieve blood type AB and O.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step 1: Blood type O is considered the universal donor because it lacks A and B antigens on its red blood cells.
Step 2: A patient with blood type A can receive blood type A (as it matches) and blood type O (since O lacks A and B antigens).
Step 3: Therefore, the correct answer is A, as patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O.
Summary:
Choice A is correct because patients with blood type A can receive blood type A and O due to the compatibility of antigens. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the antigen compatibility and restrictions of blood types.
A child diagnosed with a Wilms tumor is prescribed chemotherapy. Which laboratory test will the nurse monitor prior to administering the chemotherapy to determine the child’s infection-fighting capability?
- A. Hemoglobin
- B. Red-blood-cell count
- C. Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)
- D. Platelets
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in fighting infections. Chemotherapy can suppress the bone marrow, leading to a decrease in neutrophil count, putting the child at risk for infections. Monitoring ANC before chemotherapy helps determine the child's infection-fighting capability.
A: Hemoglobin - Measures oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells, not directly related to infection-fighting capability.
B: Red-blood-cell count - Measures the number of red blood cells, not directly related to infection-fighting capability.
D: Platelets - Important for blood clotting, not directly related to infection-fighting capability.