Nokea
A 45-year-old patient shows marked cognitive impairment that has developed progressively over several months. A family member reports that the patient's father also had early-onset dementia. What research-based information can be given to the family in response to their concerns about the patient developing early-onset dementia?
- A. The risk for developing the condition is about 50% only if both parents were affected.
- B. The greatest risk exists for relatives of individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer disease before age 55 years.
- C. Added risk is present only for people with Down syndrome, so relatives without Down syndrome are essentially "safe."Â
- D. Results of the research on genetic predisposition and its effect on the development of early-onset dementia are still unclear.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because individuals with a family history of early-onset dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease before age 55, are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. This is supported by research showing a strong genetic component in the development of early-onset dementia. Choice A is incorrect because the risk is not solely dependent on both parents being affected. Choice C is incorrect as early-onset dementia is not limited to individuals with Down syndrome. Choice D is incorrect because research has shown a clear link between genetic predisposition and early-onset dementia.
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Fragile X syndrome is associated with which of the following?
- A. Language impairment
- B. Behavioural problems
- C. Moderate levels of intellectual disability
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Fragile X Syndrome: A chromosomal abnormality causing intellectual disability, language impairment, and behavioral issues.
A 17-year-old client who has anorexia nervosa states she believes she will have fewer problems in college and will be more popular if she continues to lose weight. What nursing intervention would be useful at this time?
- A. Assisting the client to identify the problems causing her concern.
- B. Determining what she hopes to gain from the behavior.
- C. Explaining that her chances for becoming ill from losing weight are high.
- D. Having a physical report sent to college officials indicating her condition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it focuses on assisting the client to identify the problems causing her concern. By helping the client explore the underlying issues driving her desire to lose weight, the nurse can address the root cause of her behavior. This intervention promotes self-awareness and insight, enabling the client to better understand her motivations and make informed choices.
Option B is incorrect because while determining what the client hopes to gain from the behavior is important, it does not directly address the immediate concern of identifying underlying problems.
Option C is incorrect because simply explaining the risks of becoming ill may not effectively address the client's belief that losing weight will lead to fewer problems and increased popularity.
Option D is incorrect because sending a physical report to college officials without the client's consent may violate confidentiality and trust, and it does not address the client's psychological needs.
A patient with antisocial personality disorder tells Nurse A, 'You're a much better nurse than Nurse B said you were.' The patient tells Nurse B, 'Nurse A's upset with you for some reason.' To Nurse C the patient states, 'You'd like to think you're perfect, but I've seen three of your mistakes this morning.' These comments can best be assessed as:
- A. seductive.
- B. detached.
- C. guilt producing.
- D. manipulative.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: manipulative. The patient is using different strategies to manipulate each nurse's emotions and behavior for personal gain. In the first scenario, the patient is attempting to create a divide between Nurse A and Nurse B by praising Nurse A and implying Nurse B's incompetence. In the second scenario, the patient is trying to instigate conflict between Nurse A and Nurse B by falsely suggesting Nurse A's negative feelings towards Nurse B. In the third scenario, the patient is employing a manipulative tactic by undermining Nurse C's confidence and competence. These behaviors demonstrate a pattern of manipulation aimed at controlling and influencing the nurses' perceptions and actions. Choices A, B, and C do not accurately capture the manipulative intent behind the patient's actions.
Which of these nursing communications best reflects the nurse's use of an empowerment model with an individual who has been abused?
- A. Let me share with you my knowledge of what happens psychologically to individuals who have been abused.'
- B. I know you feel that your partner will change, but the current research does not validate your thinking.'
- C. It's up to you to end the violence. You are the only one who can set limits on how your partner is allowed to treat you.'
- D. Let's consider what you believe your options are in terms of your relationship with your partner in light of the behavior toward you.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer, D, reflects the nurse's use of an empowerment model because it focuses on exploring the individual's beliefs and options, empowering them to make informed decisions. The nurse is not imposing their own knowledge or opinions but instead facilitating the individual's self-reflection and decision-making process. This approach respects the individual's autonomy and promotes empowerment by helping them identify and evaluate their own choices.
Choice A focuses on the nurse sharing knowledge, which may come across as patronizing and disempowering. Choice B dismisses the individual's feelings and relies on research rather than empowering the individual to make their own decisions. Choice C places the responsibility solely on the individual to end the violence, which may feel overwhelming and lacking in support or guidance.
Disability is:
- A. More common in low-income region of the world
- B. Found in 16% or 1.3 billion people worldwide
- C. More common in males
- D. Not inclusive of mental health conditions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: WHO estimates disability affects 16% of the global population (1.3 billion), including mental health conditions.