Nokea
A 48-year-old patient has been prescribed trihexyphenidyl for her Parkinson’s disease. Which adverse reaction to this drug can be close-related?
- A. Excessive salivation
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Dryness of mouth
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C - Dryness of mouth
Rationale:
1. Trihexyphenidyl is an anticholinergic medication commonly used to treat Parkinson's disease.
2. Anticholinergic drugs inhibit the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to decreased secretions.
3. Dryness of mouth (xerostomia) is a common side effect of anticholinergic medications.
4. Excessive salivation, bradycardia, and constipation are not typically associated with anticholinergic drugs, making them incorrect choices.
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The nurse notes vigorous bubbling in the water-seal chamber of a chest-drainage system. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to correct the bubbling?
- A. Examine the entire system and tubing for air leaks.
- B. Lower the level of suction.
- C. Nothing; vigorous bubbling is expected
- D. Ask the patient to cough forcefully.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. First, the nurse should assess the chest-drainage system and tubing for any air leaks. Air leaks can cause bubbling in the water-seal chamber, indicating a potential issue with the system's integrity. By examining the entire system, the nurse can identify and correct any leaks to ensure proper functioning of the chest-drainage system. Lowering the level of suction (choice B) may not address the underlying issue of air leaks. Doing nothing (choice C) is not appropriate as vigorous bubbling indicates a problem. Asking the patient to cough forcefully (choice D) is unrelated to addressing bubbling in the water-seal chamber.
A client is admitted for postoperative assessment and recovery after surgery for a kidney tumor. The nurse needs to assess for signs of urinary tract infection. Which of the ff measures can be used to help detect UTI?
- A. Encourage the client to breathe deeply and cough every 2hrs
- B. Monitor temperature every 4hrs
- C. Splint the incision when repositioning the client
- D. Irrigate tubes as ordered CARING FOR CLIENTS WITH DISORDERS OF THE BLADDER AND URETHRA
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Monitor temperature every 4hrs. This is crucial in detecting signs of urinary tract infection as fever is a common symptom. Monitoring temperature regularly allows for early detection and appropriate intervention.
A: Encouraging the client to breathe deeply and cough every 2hrs is a measure to prevent respiratory complications postoperatively, not related to UTI detection.
C: Splinting the incision when repositioning the client is important for wound care, not for detecting UTI.
D: Irrigating tubes as ordered is a specific intervention for tube care, not for monitoring UTI symptoms.
The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing which substances?
- A. Glucocortocoids and androgens
- B. Mineralocortiroids and
- C. Catecholamines and epinephrine catecholamines
- D. Norepinephine and epinephrine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Glucocorticoids and androgens. The adrenal cortex is divided into three layers, with the outer layer responsible for producing mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, the middle layer producing glucocorticoids like cortisol, and the inner layer producing androgens. Glucocorticoids are essential for regulating metabolism and immune response, while androgens are male sex hormones. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because mineralocorticoids, catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine are produced by different parts of the adrenal gland, not specifically by the adrenal cortex.
To supplement a diet with foods high in potassium, the nurse should recommend the addition of:
- A. Fruits such as bananas
- B. Milk and yogurt
- C. Green leafy vegetables
- D. Nuts and legumes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Fruits such as bananas. Bananas are high in potassium, which is essential for various bodily functions like muscle contractions and maintaining fluid balance. Fruits are a natural source of potassium and are easily incorporated into the diet. Milk and yogurt (B) are good sources of calcium, not potassium. Green leafy vegetables (C) are nutritious but may not provide as much potassium as fruits. Nuts and legumes (D) are good sources of protein and healthy fats but are not as rich in potassium as fruits like bananas.
Which of the following groups of terms best describes a nurse-initiated intervention?
- A. Dependent, physician-ordered, recovery
- B. Autonomous, clinical judgment, client outcomes
- C. Medical diagnosis, medication administration
- D. Other health care providers, skill acquisition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because nurse-initiated interventions involve autonomous actions based on clinical judgment to achieve client outcomes. Nurses assess, plan, and implement care independently. Choice A involves physician orders, not nurse-initiated actions. Choice C relates to medical treatment, not nursing interventions. Choice D focuses on collaboration with other providers, not solely nurse-initiated actions. In summary, only choice B aligns with the independent and outcome-focused nature of nurse-initiated interventions.