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A 5-year-old boy has been diagnosed with a severe food allergy. What is an important parameter to address when educating the parents of this child about his allergy and care?
- A. Wear a medical identification bracelet.
- B. Know how to use the antihistamine pen.
- C. Know how to give injections of lidocaine.
- D. Avoid live attenuated vaccinations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse also advises the patient to wear a medical identification bracelet or to carry emergency equipment at all times. Patients and their families do not carry antihistamine pens, they carry epinephrine pens. Lidocaine is not self-administered to treat allergies. The patient may safely be vaccinated.
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A nurse is aware of the need to assess patients risks for anaphylaxis. What health care procedure constitutes the highest risk for anaphylaxis?
- A. Administration of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine
- B. Rapid administration of intravenous fluids
- C. Computed tomography with contrast solution
- D. Administration of nebulized bronchodilators
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radiocontrast agents present a significant threat of anaphylaxis in the hospital setting. Vaccinations less often cause anaphylaxis. Bronchodilators and IV fluids are not implicated in hypersensitivity reactions.
A patient has been admitted to the emergency department with signs of anaphylaxis following a bee sting. The nurse knows that if this is a true allergic reaction the patient will present with what alteration in laboratory values?
- A. Increased eosinophils
- B. Increased neutrophils
- C. Increased serum albumin
- D. Decreased blood glucose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Higher percentages of eosinophils are considered moderate to severe eosinophilia. Moderate eosinophilia is defined as 15% to 40% eosinophils and is found in patients with allergic disorders. Hypersensitivity does not result in hypoglycemia or increased albumin and neutrophil counts.
After the completion of testing, a childs allergies have been attributed to her familys cat. When introducing the family to the principles of avoidance therapy, the nurse should promote what action?
- A. Removing the cat from the familys home
- B. Administering OTC antihistamines to the child regularly
- C. Keeping the cat restricted from the childs bedroom
- D. Maximizing airflow in the house
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In avoidance therapy, every attempt is made to remove the allergens that act as precipitating factors. Fully removing the cat from the environment is preferable to just keeping the cat out of the childs bedroom. Avoidance therapy does not involve improving airflow or using antihistamines.
A patient with a family history of allergies has suffered an allergic response based on a genetic predisposition. This atopic response is usually mediated by what immunoglobulin?
- A. Immunoglobulin A
- B. Immunoglobulin M
- C. Immunoglobulin G
- D. Immunoglobulin E
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atopy refers to allergic reactions characterized by the action of IgE antibodies and a genetic predisposition to allergic reactions.
The nurse is providing health education to the parents of a toddler who has been diagnosed with food allergies. What should the nurse teach this family about the childs health problem?
- A. Food allergies are a life-long condition, but most families adjust quite well to the necessary lifestyle changes.
- B. Consistent use of over-the-counter antihistamines can often help a child overcome food allergies.
- C. Make sure that you carry a steroid inhaler with you at all times, especially when you eat in restaurants.
- D. Many children outgrow their food allergies in a few years if they avoid the offending foods.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Many food allergies disappear with time, particularly in children. About one-third of proven allergies disappear in 1 to 2 years if the patient carefully avoids the offending food. Antihistamines do not cure allergies and an EpiPen is carried, not a steroid inhaler.