Nokea
A 5-year-old child moves and talks constantly. The child awakens before the parents every morning. The child attends kindergarten, but the teacher reports difficulty handling the behavior. What is this child's most likely problem?
- A. Tic disorder
- B. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)
- C. Intellectual development disorder (IDD)
- D. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The constant motion and excessive talkativeness suggest ADHD. Tic disorder is associated with stereotypical, rapid, and involuntary motor movements. Developmental delays would be observed if intellectual development disorder was present. ODD includes serious violations of the rights of others.
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A nurse assesses a 3-year-old diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Which finding is most associated with the child's disorder?
- A. Has occasional toileting accidents.
- B. Is unable to read children's books.
- C. Cries when separated from a parent.
- D. Continuously rocks in place for 30 minutes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder involves distortions in development of social skills and language that include perception, motor movement, attention, and reality testing. Body rocking for extended periods suggests autism spectrum disorder. The distracters are expected findings for a 3-year-old.
When assessing a 2-year-old diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, what should a nurse expect?
- A. Hyperactivity and attention deficits
- B. Failure to develop interpersonal social skills
- C. History of disobedience and destructive acts
- D. High levels of anxiety when separated from a parent
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Autism spectrum disorder involves distortions in the development of social skills and language that include perception, motor movement, attention, and reality testing. Caretakers frequently mention the child's failure to develop interpersonal skills. The distractors are more relevant to ADHD, separation anxiety, and CD.
Which behavior indicates that the treatment plan for a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder was effective?
- A. Plays with one toy for 90 minutes.
- B. Repeats words spoken by a parent.
- C. Holds the parent's hand while walking.
- D. Spins around and claps hands while walking.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Holding the hand of another person suggests relatedness. Usually, a child with autism would resist holding someone's hand and stand or walk alone, perhaps flapping arms or moving in a stereotypical pattern. The other options reflect behaviors that are consistent with autistic disorder.
The health care provider prescribes medication for a child diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What is the desired behavior for which the nurse should monitor?
- A. Increased expressiveness in communicating with others.
- B. Improved ability for cooperative play with other children.
- C. Ability to identify anxiety and implement self-control strategies.
- D. Improved socialization skills with other children and authority figures.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The goal is improvement in the child's hyperactivity, distractibility, and play. The incorrect options are more relevant for a child with a developmental or anxiety disorder.
A child diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is going to begin medication therapy. The nurse should plan to teach the family about which classification of medications?
- A. Central nervous system stimulants and nonstimulants
- B. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- C. Antipsychotic medications
- D. Anxiolytic medications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Central nervous system stimulants and nonstimulants increase blood flow to the brain and have proven helpful in reducing hyperactivity in children and adolescents with ADHD. The other medication categories listed would not be appropriate.