Nokea
A 56-year-old client is receiving chemotherapy that has the potential to cause pulmonary toxicity. Which of the following symptoms indicates a toxic response to the chemotherapy?
- A. Decrease in appetite.
- B. Drowsiness.
- C. Spasms of the diaphragm.
- D. Cough and shortness of breath.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cough and shortness of breath are hallmark symptoms of pulmonary toxicity, indicating potential lung damage from chemotherapy and requiring immediate attention.
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The nurse is conducting a health screening at a local health fair. Which of the following should the nurse recognize as an increased risk for developing primary open-angle glaucoma? Select all that apply.
- A. Blue eyes
- B. Older age
- C. African ethnicity
- D. Diabetes mellitus
- E. Use of contact lenses
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Older age, African ethnicity, and diabetes mellitus are known risk factors for primary open-angle glaucoma due to increased intraocular pressure susceptibility. Blue eyes and contact lens use are not established risk factors.
If the client develops lower abdominal pain after a cystoscopy, the nurse should instruct the client to do with following?
- A. Apply an ice pack to the pubic area.
- B. Massage the abdomen gently.
- C. Ambulate as much as possible.
- D. Sit in a tub of warm water.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Sitting in warm water can soothe bladder irritation and relax pelvic muscles, alleviating lower abdominal pain post-cystoscopy.
Which of the following is the best indicator for determining whether a client with Addison's disease is receiving the correct amount of glucocorticoid replacement?
- A. Skin turgor.
- B. Temperature.
- C. Thirst.
- D. Daily weight.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Daily weight reflects fluid balance, which is influenced by glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid replacement in Addison's disease.
The client with diabetes mellitus says, 'If I could just avoid what you call carbohydrates in my diet, I guess I would be okay.' The nurse should base the response to this comment on the knowledge that diabetes affects metabolism of which of the following?
- A. Carbohydrates only.
- B. Fats and carbohydrates only.
- C. Protein and carbohydrates only.
- D. Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetes affects the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats due to insulin's role in regulating all three macronutrients.
When completing the Preoperative Checklist on the nursing unit, the nurse discovers an allergy that the client has not reported. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer the prescribed pre-anesthetic medication.
- B. Note this new allergy prominently at the front of the chart.
- C. Contact the scrub nurse in the operating room.
- D. Inform the nurse anesthetist.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A newly discovered allergy must be communicated to the nurse anesthetist first, as it may affect anesthesia choices and prevent allergic reactions during surgery.