Nokea
A 58-year-old male is going to have chemotherapy for lung cancer. He asks the nurse how the chemotherapeutic drugs will work. The most accurate explanation the nurse can give is which of the following?
- A. Immunotherapy affects all rapidly dividing cells.
- B. The molecular structure of the DNA is altered.
- C. Cancer cells are susceptible to drug toxins.
- D. Chemotherapy encourages cancer cells to divide.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapy often works by altering the DNA structure of cancer cells, inhibiting their ability to replicate and leading to cell death.
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Which complication should the nurse monitor for in a client with a new ileal conduit?
- A. Stoma prolapse.
- B. Urinary retention.
- C. Bladder spasms.
- D. Renal colic.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stoma prolapse is a potential complication of an ileal conduit, requiring surgical correction if severe.
Which of the following factors places a client at greatest risk for skin cancer?
- A. Fair skin and history of chronic sun exposure.
- B. Caucasian race and history of hypertension.
- C. Dark skin and family history of skin cancer.
- D. Dark skin and history of hypertension.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fair skin and chronic sun exposure increase skin cancer risk due to higher UV sensitivity and cumulative damage. Dark skin offers some protection.
The nurse will anticipate which of the following problems that can result for the older adult undergoing abdominal surgery?
- A. Uncrossed scarring.
- B. Decreased melanin and melanocytes.
- C. Decreased healing.
- D. Increased immunocompetence.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Older adults have slower wound healing due to reduced collagen synthesis and cellular turnover, increasing the risk of delayed recovery post-surgery.
Which of the following home care instructions would be appropriate for a client with a laryngectomy?
- A. Perform mouth care every morning and evening.
- B. Provide adequate humidity in the home.
- C. Maintain a soft, bland diet.
- D. Limit physical activity to shoulder and neck exercises.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adequate humidity prevents stoma crusting and maintains airway moisture. Mouth care frequency may need to be higher. Diet should be tailored to swallowing ability, not necessarily soft or bland. Physical activity should be encouraged, not limited, unless contraindicated.
An explosion at a chemical plant produces flames and smoke. More than 20 persons have burn injuries. Which victims should be transported to a burn center? Select all that apply.
- A. The victim with chemical spills on both arms.
- B. The victim with third-degree burns of both legs.
- C. The victim with first-degree burns of both hands.
- D. The victim in respiratory distress.
- E. The victim who inhaled smoke.
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Victims with chemical burns, third-degree burns, respiratory distress, or smoke inhalation require specialized care at a burn center due to the severity and potential complications of these injuries.