Nokea
A 58-year-old woman tells the nurse that she has started to experience pain during intercourse. The nurse should document that this woman is experiencing which of the following?
- A. Dyspnea
- B. Dyspareunia
- C. Dyspepsia
- D. Dysmenorrhea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dyspareunia. Dyspareunia refers to pain during or after sexual intercourse. In this case, the woman is experiencing pain during intercourse, which aligns with the definition of dyspareunia. Dyspnea (A) is difficulty breathing, dyspepsia (C) is indigestion, and dysmenorrhea (D) is painful menstruation, none of which are related to pain during intercourse.
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A nurse working in a community clinic is teaching a client about chlamydia. Which statement made by the client would indicate a need for further instruction?
- A. Treatment is also required for individuals who are asymptomatic.
- B. Individuals can only spread the infection if symptomatic.
- C. All pregnant women should be screened for chlamydia.
- D. Any sexually active individuals can be infected with chlamydia.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it is incorrect. Chlamydia can be spread by individuals who are asymptomatic, so the statement that individuals can only spread it if symptomatic is inaccurate. Asymptomatic individuals can still transmit the infection to others. Therefore, this statement indicates a need for further instruction. Choices A, C, and D are all correct statements. Treatment is necessary for asymptomatic individuals to prevent complications, pregnant women should be screened for chlamydia to prevent transmission to the baby, and any sexually active individuals can indeed be infected with chlamydia.
Which are risk factors for ovarian cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. Talc use on the perineum
- B. First-degree relative with ovarian cancer
- C. Three or more children
- D. High-fat diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Three or more children. Multiparity (having three or more children) has been identified as a protective factor against ovarian cancer due to the repeated ovulation and hormonal changes during pregnancy. A: Talc use on the perineum is not a well-established risk factor. B: Having a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer increases the risk, but it is not as significant as having multiple children. D: High-fat diet has been suggested as a risk factor, but the evidence is not as strong as the protective effect of multiparity.
A client with a history of herpes simplex virus (HSV-2) infection asks the nurse about future sexual activity. Which response is most appropriate?
- A. If the infection has healed, you do not have to use a condom.
- B. Refrain from all sexual activity.
- C. Use a condom during sexual activity only if the infection becomes active again.
- D. Inform all potential sexual partners about the infection, even if it is inactive.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
1. Informing all potential sexual partners about the HSV-2 infection, even if inactive, is crucial to ensure transparency and promote informed decision-making.
2. HSV-2 can be transmitted even when symptoms are not present, so partners need to be aware of the risk.
3. This approach demonstrates respect for the partners' autonomy and enables them to make choices regarding their own health.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. Using a condom is important even when the infection is inactive to prevent transmission.
B: Incorrect. Refraining from all sexual activity may not be necessary if proper precautions are taken.
C: Incorrect. Using a condom only when the infection is active does not fully address the risk of transmission during asymptomatic periods.
Which are major risk factors for breast cancer? Select all that apply.
- A. Female gender
- B. Increasing age over 50 years
- C. Personal history of breast cancer (in situ or invasive), family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives (parent, sibling, child)
- D. High-fat diet, Alcohol consumption (two or more drinks/day)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because having a personal history of breast cancer, a family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives, or both are major risk factors for developing breast cancer. This is due to the presence of genetic mutations that increase the likelihood of developing the disease. Choices A and B are not specific risk factors for breast cancer, although being female and increasing age are associated with higher risk. Choice D, high-fat diet and alcohol consumption, are not considered major risk factors for breast cancer.
Which statement is not true regarding breast reconstruction?
- A. It promotes symmetry and preserves body image.
- B. It is always done immediately along with the mastectomy.
- C. It does not change survival rates or interfere with therapies or treatment of recurrent disease.
- D. It is associated with low morbidity and high patient satisfaction.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Breast reconstruction is not always done immediately to allow for healing post-mastectomy.
2. Immediate reconstruction may not be suitable for all patients due to various factors.
3. Delayed reconstruction is also a valid option and can be performed at a later time.
4. Therefore, the statement that breast reconstruction is always done immediately along with the mastectomy is not true.
Summary:
A: True - Breast reconstruction aims to promote symmetry and preserve body image.
C: True - Breast reconstruction does not affect survival rates or interfere with treatments.
D: True - Breast reconstruction generally has low morbidity and high patient satisfaction.