A 6-month-old infant presents with wheezing and tachypnea. Chest x-ray shows perihilar infiltrates. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Bronchiolitis
- C. Cystic fibrosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchiolitis features wheezing and perihilar infiltrates, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
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The best growth chart indicator in patients with acute malnutrition is:
- A. Body mass index (BMI)
- B. Body weight
- C. Weight-for-height
- D. Head circumference
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight-for-height best detects acute malnutrition (wasting), per WHO. BMI is less specific in kids, and B-D assess other aspects.
A 3-year-old with a burn should avoid
- A. Breaking blisters
- B. Infection
- C. Pain
- D. Swelling
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Breaking blisters A increases infection risk, per document p42, 3.
Infants in whom cephalhematomas develop are at increased risk for
- A. Infection
- B. Jaundice
- C. Seizures
- D. Fractures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Jaundice B is a risk due to blood breakdown in cephalhematomas, per document p5, 1.
The nurse is caring for a child with suspected diabetes insipidus. Which clinical manifestations would she expect to observe?
- A. Nausea and vomiting
- B. Polyuria and polydipsia
- C. Oliguria and uremia
- D. Glycosuria and hematuria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetes insipidus causes polyuria and polydipsia (B) due to lack of antidiuretic hormone. Nausea (A), oliguria (C), and glycosuria (D) are unrelated. Document: 'Excessive urination accompanied by insatiable thirst is the primary clinical manifestation.'
A 4-year-old boy presents with fever, limp, and hip pain. Hip x-ray is normal, but ESR is elevated. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Septic arthritis
- B. Transient synovitis
- C. Osteomyelitis
- D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transient synovitis is common in preschoolers with limp and fever, often post-viral, with normal x-ray, per AAP. A, C-E have different presentations or imaging.