Nokea
A 6-year-old child has a systolic blood pressure between the 95th and 99th percentile for age, sex, and height and a diastolic blood pressure between the 90th and the 95th percentile on three separate clinic visits. This child's blood pressure is placed in which classification?
- A. normotensive
- B. pre-hypertensive
- C. stage 1 hypertensive
- D. stage 2 hypertensive
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Stage 1 hypertensive pressure ranges from the 95th percentile or from 120/80 mm Hg to 5 mm Hg above the 99th percentile for age, sex, and height for either systolic or diastolic pressure.
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What are FOUR possible causes of left axis deviation in a newborn with features of Trisomy 21?
- A. AVSD
- B. Tricuspid atresia
- C. Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum
- D. Mechanical shift
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: AVSD is a common congenital heart defect associated with Trisomy 21 and can lead to left axis deviation seen on ECG.
The most common coronary artery anomaly in Tetralogy of Fallot is
- A. Left anterior descending artery from right aortic sinus
- B. Single coronary artery from right aortic sinus
- C. Single coronary artery from left aortic sinus
- D. Left circumflex coronary artery from right aortic sinus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most common coronary artery anomaly in Tetralogy of Fallot is the left anterior descending artery arising from the right aortic sinus.
Medical treatment of myasthenia gravis includes:
- A. Thymectomy
- B. Physostigmine
- C. Edrophonium
- D. Anticholinergic agents
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Edrophonium: Edrophonium is used in the diagnosis and short-term treatment of myasthenia gravis as it improves neuromuscular transmission by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase.
Deafness can develop due to:
- A. Unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn
- B. Pneumococcal meningitis
- C. Alport syndrome
- D. Cleft palate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pneumococcal meningitis is a known cause of sensorineural hearing loss due to inflammation and damage to the cochlea.
Diseases that primarily involve the motor unit include:
- A. Werdnig-Hoffman disease
- B. Guillain-Barre syndrome
- C. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy
- D. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Werdnig-Hoffman disease, also known as spinal muscular atrophy type 1, primarily affects the motor neurons in the spinal cord.