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A 60-year-old man presents at the clinic complaining that his breasts are tender and enlarging. The patient is subsequently diagnosed with gynecomastia. The patient should be assessed for the possibility of what causative factor?
- A. Age-related physiologic changes
- B. Medication adverse effects
- C. Poor nutrition
- D. Fluid overload
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medication adverse effects. Gynecomastia in a 60-year-old man is often caused by medications like spironolactone, cimetidine, and certain antipsychotics. To determine the causative factor, a thorough medication history review is crucial. Age-related physiologic changes (choice A) do not typically lead to gynecomastia in men. Poor nutrition (choice C) and fluid overload (choice D) are not common causes of gynecomastia in this context.
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The rate of obesity in the United States has reached epidemic proportions. Morbidity and mortality for both the mother and baby are increased in these circumstances. The nurse caring for the patient with an elevated BMI should be cognizant of these potential complications and plan care accordingly. Significant risks include (Select all that apply.)
- A. Breech presentation
- B. Ectopic pregnancy
- C. Birth defects
- D. Venous thromboembolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Breech presentation. Obesity can lead to a larger fetus, increasing the risk of breech presentation. The rationale is that excess fat can hinder the baby's ability to turn head down. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Ectopic pregnancy is not related to obesity, C: Birth defects can be influenced by maternal health but are not directly linked to obesity, and D: Venous thromboembolism is more associated with immobility and hypercoagulable states rather than obesity.
A patient with preeclampsia is admitted complaining of pounding headache, visual changes, and epigastric pain. Nursing care is based on the knowledge that these signs indicate
- A. gastrointestinal upset.
- B. effects of magnesium sulfate.
- C. anxiety caused by hospitalization.
- D. worsening disease and impending convulsion.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the patient's symptoms of pounding headache, visual changes, and epigastric pain are classic signs of worsening preeclampsia, indicating a significant increase in blood pressure and potential progression to eclampsia (seizures). Immediate medical intervention is crucial to prevent complications.
A: Gastrointestinal upset does not explain the combination of symptoms presented.
B: Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in preeclampsia but does not cause these specific symptoms.
C: Anxiety does not typically present with the specific physical symptoms mentioned.
The nurse is leading a workshop on sexual health for men. The nurse should teach participants that organic causes of erectile dysfunction include what? Select all that apply.
- A. Diabetes
- B. Testosterone deficiency
- C. Anxiety
- D. Depression E) Parkinsonism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Diabetes. Erectile dysfunction can be caused by organic factors, such as diabetes, which affects blood flow and nerve function. Diabetes can lead to damage of blood vessels and nerves, impacting the ability to achieve and maintain an erection. Testosterone deficiency (choice B) can also contribute to erectile dysfunction, but it is not an organic cause. Anxiety (choice C) and depression (choice D) are psychological factors that can lead to erectile dysfunction, not organic causes. Parkinsonism (choice E) can affect sexual function, but it is not a common organic cause of erectile dysfunction.
A patient is scheduled for enucleation and the nurse is providing anticipatory guidance about postoperative care. What aspects of care should the nurse describe to the patient? Select all that apply.
- A. Application of topical antibiotic ointment
- B. Maintenance of a supine position for the first 48 hours postoperative
- C. Fluid restriction to prevent orbital edema
- D. Administration of loop diuretics to prevent orbital edema E) Use of an ocular pressure dressing Chapter 64: Ear/Hearing: Hearing tests, Hearing loss, Otitis externa, Otitis media, Trauma, Meniere’s disease, Mastoidectomy – perioperative care, Impacted cerumen & Cochlear implant
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Application of topical antibiotic ointment. After enucleation, there is a risk of infection at the surgical site. By applying topical antibiotic ointment as directed, the patient can help prevent infection and promote healing. This is a crucial aspect of postoperative care.
B: Maintenance of a supine position for the first 48 hours postoperative is incorrect. Patients may be advised to avoid lying flat on their back to prevent complications such as pressure on the surgical site.
C: Fluid restriction to prevent orbital edema is incorrect. Fluid restriction is not typically necessary post-enucleation unless specifically advised by the healthcare provider.
D: Administration of loop diuretics to prevent orbital edema is incorrect. Loop diuretics are not typically used for preventing orbital edema post-enucleation.
E: Use of an ocular pressure dressing is incorrect. While dressings may be used postoperatively, the application of topical antibiotic ointment is more
The nurse is concerned about pulmonary aspiration when providing the patient with an intermittent tube feeding. Which action is thepriority?
- A. Observe the color of gastric contents.
- B. Verify tube placement before feeding.
- C. Add blue food coloring to the enteral formula.
- D. Run the formula over 12 hours to decrease overload.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because verifying tube placement before feeding is essential to prevent pulmonary aspiration. If the tube is not correctly positioned in the stomach, there is a risk of feeding going into the lungs. Observing the color of gastric contents (A) may not always indicate correct placement. Adding blue food coloring (C) is unnecessary and could cause confusion. Running the formula over 12 hours (D) does not address the risk of pulmonary aspiration and does not ensure proper tube placement.