MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Final 2024

MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Final 2024 Related

Review MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology Final 2024 related questions and content

A 70-year-old woman has difficulty with driving, and she has been frequently getting lost. Her husband said she has also been acting strange and seems to want to sleep a lot. He said the other night she kept saying she was seeing animals such as lions in her room. He says her memory is not too bad, but he is very concerned about her health. Physical examination reveals an alert woman with stable vital signs. Bradykinesia and limb rigidity are noted. These findings are consistent with:

  • A. Alzheimer's disease.
  • B. Vascular dementia.
  • C. Dementia with Lewy bodies.
  • D. Frontotemporal dementia.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The symptoms described in the scenario, such as visual hallucinations, fluctuations in cognition, and parkinsonism (bradykinesia and limb rigidity), are classic features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). DLB is characterized by the presence of Lewy bodies in the brain, which are abnormal protein deposits. Alzheimer's disease (Choice A) typically presents with memory loss as a predominant symptom, which is not a major concern in this case. Vascular dementia (Choice B) is associated with a history of cerebrovascular disease and is not supported by the symptoms described. Frontotemporal dementia (Choice D) usually presents with changes in behavior and personality, rather than the symptoms described in the scenario.

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In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the inflammatory response predominantly involves:

  • A. eosinophils
  • B. neutrophils
  • C. monocytes
  • D. cells
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the inflammatory response predominantly involves neutrophils. Neutrophils play a key role in COPD due to their involvement in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory process. Eosinophils are more commonly associated with asthma rather than COPD. Monocytes are less involved in the inflammatory response in COPD compared to neutrophils. The choice 'cells' is too broad and vague to be a specific answer in this context.

Canola oil produced from genetically modified canola plants altered to be herbicide-resistant is an example of a:

  • A. pesticide-free food.
  • B. saturated fat food.
  • C. genetically modified food.
  • D. product that is pure.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'genetically modified food.' Canola oil derived from genetically modified canola plants falls into this category because the plant's genome has been altered to exhibit herbicide resistance. This genetic modification makes it a genetically modified food. Choice A, 'pesticide-free food,' is incorrect as the genetic modification is to resist herbicides, not pesticides. Choice B, 'saturated fat food,' is incorrect as it does not accurately describe the genetic modification of the canola plants. Choice D, 'product that is pure,' is too vague and does not address the genetic modification aspect of the canola plants.

In which of the following cases is dehydration more likely to occur?

  • A. A 50-year-old woman who is a bodybuilder
  • B. A 50-year-old man who is morbidly obese
  • C. A 10-year-old child who is thin
  • D. A 30-year-old with multiple sclerosis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Dehydration is more likely to occur in a 50-year-old man who is morbidly obese due to the increased risk of conditions like diabetes and heart disease that can lead to fluid imbalances. Being morbidly obese can also strain the body's systems, increasing the need for water. The other choices are less likely to experience dehydration as a primary concern. While being a bodybuilder may require strict hydration practices, dehydration is more prevalent in individuals with conditions like obesity.

What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the decreased glomerular filtration rate in a patient with acute glomerulonephritis?

  • A. Decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries
  • B. Immune complex deposition, increased capillary permeability, and cellular proliferation
  • C. Necrosis of 70% or more of the nephrons secondary to increased kidney interstitial hydrostatic pressure
  • D. Scar tissue formation throughout the proximal convoluted tubule secondary to toxin-induced collagen synthesis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Immune complex deposition, increased capillary permeability, and cellular proliferation. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli in the kidneys. This inflammation leads to the deposition of immune complexes, increased capillary permeability, and cellular proliferation, which collectively contribute to a decreased glomerular filtration rate. Choice A is incorrect as decreased renal-induced constriction of the renal arteries would not directly result in decreased glomerular filtration rate. Choice C is incorrect as necrosis of nephrons due to increased kidney interstitial hydrostatic pressure would affect kidney function differently. Choice D is incorrect as scar tissue formation in the proximal convoluted tubule due to toxin-induced collagen synthesis is not a typical feature of acute glomerulonephritis.

Which of the following women is at highest risk for the development of endometrial cancer?

  • A. A 50-year-old postmenopausal woman with a history of high-risk human papillomavirus
  • B. A 45-year-old woman who is obese and has a menstrual pattern consisting of periods of amenorrhea and infrequent periods
  • C. A 40-year-old woman who is overweight and has hypertension
  • D. A 55-year-old woman who smokes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is a 45-year-old woman who is obese and has a menstrual pattern consisting of periods of amenorrhea and infrequent periods. Obesity and prolonged exposure to estrogen unopposed by progesterone due to infrequent ovulation are significant risk factors for endometrial cancer. Choices A, C, and D do not directly correlate with the increased risk of endometrial cancer. Postmenopausal status alone (Choice A), overweight with hypertension (Choice C), and smoking (Choice D) are not the primary risk factors for endometrial cancer.

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