ATI Hematologic System Test

ATI Hematologic System Test Related

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A 77-year-old male is admitted to a unit with a suspected diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). When planning this patient's care, the nurse should be aware of what epidemiologic fact?

  • A. Early diagnosis is associated with good outcomes.
  • B. Five-year survival for older adults is approximately 50%.
  • C. Five-year survival for patients over 75 years old is less than 2%.
  • D. Survival rates are wholly dependent on the patient's pre-illness level of health.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Five-year survival for patients over 75 years old is less than 2%. This is because older age is a significant risk factor for poorer outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) due to factors such as frailty, comorbidities, and reduced tolerance to aggressive treatments. Older adults are less likely to tolerate intensive chemotherapy and have lower overall survival rates compared to younger patients.

Choice A is incorrect because early diagnosis alone does not guarantee good outcomes in AML, especially in older adults. Choice B is incorrect because the five-year survival rate for older adults with AML is much lower than 50%. Choice D is incorrect because while pre-illness health may influence survival rates, age is a more significant factor in predicting outcomes in older patients with AML.

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A hospitalized client has a platelet count of 58,000/mm³. What action by the nurse is best?

  • A. Encourage high-protein foods.
  • B. Institute neutropenic precautions.
  • C. Limit visitors to healthy adults.
  • D. Place the client on safety precautions.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Place the client on safety precautions. A platelet count of 58,000/mm³ indicates thrombocytopenia, increasing the risk of bleeding. Placing the client on safety precautions will minimize the risk of injury and bleeding. Encouraging high-protein foods (choice A) is not directly related to managing thrombocytopenia. Neutropenic precautions (choice B) are for clients with low neutrophil counts, not low platelet counts. Limiting visitors to healthy adults (choice C) is important for infection control, not addressing the risk of bleeding.

A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for an outpatient surgical procedure and reports taking aspirin 81 mg daily, including this morning. The nurse should identify that this places the client at risk for which of the following complications?

  • A. Uncontrolled bleeding
  • B. Myocardial infarction
  • C. Respiratory depression
  • D. Decreased renal perfusion
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Uncontrolled bleeding. Aspirin is an antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation, leading to decreased clotting ability. This places the client at risk for uncontrolled bleeding during and after surgery. Myocardial infarction (B) is not directly associated with aspirin use. Respiratory depression (C) is not a common complication of aspirin. Decreased renal perfusion (D) is not a typical complication of aspirin use.

Which of the following best characterizes the function of ferroportin in iron metabolism?

  • A. A form of storage iron in intestinal mucosal cells
  • B. A transport protein in the plasma
  • C. A receptor protein on the surface of erythroid progenitors
  • D. Transmembrane iron exporter
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Ferroportin is a transmembrane iron exporter responsible for releasing iron from cells into the bloodstream. It is crucial in regulating systemic iron levels. Choice A is incorrect as storage iron is typically stored as ferritin. Choice B is incorrect as ferroportin is not found in the plasma but on cell membranes. Choice C is incorrect as erythroid progenitors do not directly interact with ferroportin. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it accurately describes the function of ferroportin in iron metabolism.

A nurse is caring for a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma at the oncology clinic. The nurse should be aware of what main goal of care?

  • A. Cure of the disease
  • B. Enhancing quality of life
  • C. Controlling symptoms
  • D. Palliation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cure of the disease. In Hodgkin lymphoma, the main goal of care is to achieve a cure whenever possible. This is because Hodgkin lymphoma is a potentially curable cancer with appropriate treatment. Curative intent focuses on eradicating the cancer completely, leading to long-term remission or cure. Enhancing quality of life (B) is important but not the main goal in Hodgkin lymphoma as the primary aim is to eliminate the disease. Controlling symptoms (C) is important for comfort but not the main goal in curable cases. Palliation (D) is more relevant in advanced or incurable cases, not the main goal in Hodgkin lymphoma.

Dohle bodies are patches of dilated endoplasmic reticulum that appear as cerulean blue cytoplasmic puddles. These findings are mostly seen in

  • A. Chronic myeloid leukemia
  • B. Leukemoid reaction
  • C. Chediak-Higashi syndrome
  • D. Infectious mononucleosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Infectious mononucleosis. Dohle bodies are seen in infectious mononucleosis due to the accumulation of rough endoplasmic reticulum in neutrophils. This is a result of the viral infection causing stress on the neutrophils. In chronic myeloid leukemia (A), leukemoid reaction (B), and Chediak-Higashi syndrome (C), Dohle bodies are not typically observed. In chronic myeloid leukemia, the characteristic finding is the Philadelphia chromosome. Leukemoid reaction is a reactive increase in white blood cells due to infection or inflammation. Chediak-Higashi syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective phagolysosome formation.

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