Fluid Maintenance Pediatrics Practice Questions

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A 90 y.o. nursing home resident with stage 2 Alzheimer's disease is found alone and crying in the dining room. She says she lost her mother and doesn't know what to do. Which response by the nurse will help calm the resident?

  • A. "Remember your mother has been dead for 30 years. You forgot again, didn't you?"
  • B. "I'm sorry you lost your mother; let's go and try to find her."
  • C. "Are you feeling frightened? I'm here and I will help you."
  • D. "You are 90 years old. It is impossible for your mother to still be living. I know if you try, you can figure out what to do."
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Option C, "Are you feeling frightened? I'm here and I will help you," is the most appropriate response to help calm the resident. The resident is experiencing confusion and distress, likely due to her Alzheimer's disease. Invalidating her feelings by reminding her of the reality may lead to more confusion and distress. Instead, acknowledging the resident's emotions, offering support, and reassuring her of your presence can help calm her down and provide comfort in the moment. It is important to provide emotional support and reassurance to individuals with Alzheimer's disease, rather than focusing on correcting their statements or reminding them of reality.

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At what age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli?

  • A. 1 month
  • B. 2 months
  • C. 3 months
  • D. 4 months
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Infants typically begin to smile in response to pleasurable stimuli around 2 months of age. This social smile is an important developmental milestone in infants and signifies their growing social awareness and ability to engage with others. By the age of 2 months, infants are starting to develop social connections and recognize familiar faces, which often elicits smiles in response to positive interactions. Though some infants may start smiling earlier or later, the average age for the emergence of social smiles is around 2 months.

The child refusing to go to bed and remaining active is likely due to

  • A. thyrotoxicosis
  • B. ADHD
  • C. primary sleep disorder
  • D. limit-setting behavioral insomnia of childhood
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Limit-setting insomnia involves resistance to bedtime routines.

An adolescent patient with chronic asthma, who has been hospitalized several times during the winter with severe asthmatic exacerbations, confides, 'I wish I could stay here in the hospital because every time I go home, I get sick again!' What is the pediatric nurse's best response?

  • A. Let's talk about preventing and managing your asthma on a daily basis at home.
  • B. Why don't I speak with your parents about what they are doing at home to help control your asthma?
  • C. We can arrange for you to stay in the hospital longer.
  • D. none of the above.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Discussing strategies to manage asthma at home empowers the patient and addresses the root cause of recurrent exacerbations.

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for a client with multiple myeloma?

  • A. Monitoring respiratory status
  • B. Restricting fluid intake
  • C. Balancing rest and activity
  • D. Preventing bone injury
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: One of the primary concerns in clients with multiple myeloma is bone damage and fractures due to weakened bones caused by the disease. Preventing bone injury is a crucial nursing intervention to focus on for these clients. Measures to prevent bone injury include implementing fall precautions, encouraging safe mobility, providing supportive devices such as walkers or canes, and educating the client on strategies to prevent falls and fractures. Additionally, pain management and regular assessment for signs of bone damage are essential in caring for clients with multiple myeloma. Other interventions such as monitoring respiratory status, balancing rest and activity, and restricting fluid intake may be important in certain situations for these clients but preventing bone injury takes precedence due to the increased risk of skeletal complications associated with multiple myeloma.

Which of the ff vitamins does a client lack if there is a problem with the absorption of calcium?

  • A. Vitamin A
  • B. Vitamin B
  • C. Vitamin C
  • D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin D is essential for the absorption of calcium in the body. Without sufficient vitamin D, the absorption of calcium from the diet is impaired, leading to potential issues with calcium deficiency. Vitamin A, B, and C do not have a direct role in the absorption of calcium. Vitamin D helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body, which are necessary for bone health, muscle function, and other important processes. Therefore, a lack of Vitamin D can contribute to weakened bones and potential health problems related to calcium deficiency.

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