A cardiac catheterization of a client with heart disease indicates the following blockages: 95% proximal left anterior descending (LAD), 99% proximal circumflex, and ? % proximal right coronary artery (RCA). The client later asks the nurse 'what does all this mean for me?' What information should the nurse provide?
- A. Blood supply to the heart is diminished by atherosclerotic lesions, which necessitate lifestyle changes.
- B. Blood vessels supplying the pumping chamber have blockages indicating a past heart attack.
- C. Three main arteries have major blockages, with only 1 to 5% of blood flow getting through to the heart muscle.
- D. The heart is not receiving enough blood, so there is a risk of heart failure and fluid retention.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This explanation provides a clear understanding of the severity of the blockages and the implications for the client's heart function.
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Surgical repair of VSD should be considered at the time of diagnosis
- A. small supracristal VSD
- B. VSD with heart failure
- C. hemodynamically restrictive VSD
- D. significant VSD
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Significant or symptomatic VSDs warrant early surgical intervention.
Hereditary angioneurotic oedema (HANE):
- A. Deficiency of CI esterase occurs
- B. Can present as recurrent abdominal pain
- C. C4 is increased
- D. Androgen agonists are helpful in management
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Deficiency of CI esterase occurs
When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the dietary teaching?
- A. Restrict sodium intake
- B. Encourage high-protein foods.
- C. Increase potassium intake.
- D. Decrease fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium restriction helps manage fluid retention and hypertension, which are common in AGN.
The following are strongly associated with Kawasaki disease EXCEPT
- A. duration of fever of >16 days
- B. first-degree heart block
- C. male gender
- D. age of <1 year
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: First-degree heart block is less commonly associated with Kawasaki disease compared to other factors.
A child has an elevated antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer. Which combination of symptoms, in conjunction with this finding, would confirm a diagnosis of rheumatic fever?
- A. Subcutaneous nodules and fever
- B. Painful, tender joints, and carditis
- C. Erythema marginatum and arthralgia
- D. Chorea and elevated sedimentation rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The presence of two major Jones criteria would indicate a high probability of rheumatic fever.