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A charge nurse is making a room assignment for a client who has scabies. In which of the following rooms should the nurse place the client?
- A. A negative-pressure isolation room.
- B. A private room.
- C. A semi-private room with a client who has pediculosis capitis.
- D. A positive-pressure isolation room.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: A private room. This is appropriate for a client with scabies to prevent the spread of the infestation to others. A private room allows for isolation and reduces the risk of transmission to other clients.
A: A negative-pressure isolation room is typically used for clients with airborne infections to prevent the spread of pathogens outside the room. Scabies is not transmitted through the air.
C: Placing the client in a semi-private room with a client who has pediculosis capitis (head lice) is not ideal as both conditions are caused by different parasites and may increase the risk of cross-contamination.
D: A positive-pressure isolation room is used for clients who need protection from outside pathogens, not for containing contagious conditions like scabies.
In summary, a private room is the best choice for a client with scabies to prevent transmission to others, while the other options are not appropriate due to the nature of scabies and the need for isolation.
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A nurse is assessing a client who has meningitis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Blurred vision
- B. Severe headache
- C. Oriented to person, place, and year
- D. Bradycardia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Severe headache. Meningitis commonly presents with severe headache due to inflammation of the meninges. This is a classic symptom and should be expected during assessment. Blurred vision (A) is not a typical finding in meningitis. Being oriented to person, place, and year (C) is a sign of intact mental status, which may not be present in someone with meningitis. Bradycardia (D) is not a common finding in meningitis; tachycardia is more likely due to the body's response to infection.
A nurse at a family practice clinic receives a call from a client who is prescribed oral contraceptives but forgot to take one dose. The client reports she is in the first week of a 28-day cycle pack. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Stop taking the pills and switch to a different contraceptive method.
- B. Take a home pregnancy test.
- C. Do not have vaginal intercourse until after your next period.
- D. Take the missed dose now, then continue the medication as ordered.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Take the missed dose now, then continue the medication as ordered. In the first week of a 28-day cycle pack, missing one pill does not significantly impact contraceptive efficacy. Taking the missed dose as soon as possible and then continuing the medication as prescribed maintains the contraceptive effectiveness. Choice A is incorrect as stopping the pills abruptly can lead to unintended pregnancy. Choice B is unnecessary as missing one pill does not automatically indicate pregnancy. Choice C is not relevant in this context as the client can still take the missed dose and continue with the contraceptive method.
A nurse is caring for a client who asks how albuterol helps his breathing. Which of the following responses should the nurse make? (Select all that apply)
- A. The medication will reduce inflammation.
- B. The medication will decrease coughing episodes.
- C. The medication will prevent wheezing.
- D. The medication will open the airway.
- E. The medication will stimulate the flow of mucus.
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale:
C: The medication will prevent wheezing. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, preventing and relieving wheezing.
D: The medication will open the airway. Albuterol acts by opening the airways, making it easier for the client to breathe.
Summary:
A: The medication will reduce inflammation. Albuterol does not directly reduce inflammation; it primarily works as a bronchodilator.
B: The medication will decrease coughing episodes. While albuterol may indirectly reduce coughing by improving breathing, its primary action is not to decrease coughing.
E: The medication will stimulate the flow of mucus. Albuterol does not stimulate mucus flow; it primarily works to open the airways and relieve bronchospasm.
A nurse is admitting a client who has pertussis. Which of the following types of transmission-based precautions should the nurse initiate?
- A. Airborne
- B. Contact
- C. Protective
- D. Droplet
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Droplet precautions. Pertussis is primarily spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. Droplet precautions involve wearing a mask and eye protection to prevent transmission through these droplets. Airborne precautions are for diseases spread through small particles, contact precautions are for direct physical contact, and protective precautions are not a standard type of transmission-based precaution. Droplet precautions are the most appropriate choice for pertussis to prevent the spread of the infection to others.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for pancrelipase to aid in digestion. The nurse should inform the client to expect which of the following gastrointestinal changes?
- A. Decreased fat in stools
- B. Decreased watery stools
- C. Decreased mucus in stools
- D. Decreased black tarry stools
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreased fat in stools. Pancrelipase is a pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy that helps break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Therefore, the client can expect decreased fat in stools as the enzymes aid in the digestion and absorption of fats. Choice B, decreased watery stools, is incorrect as pancrelipase does not directly affect stool consistency. Choices C and D are also incorrect as pancrelipase does not directly impact mucus or the color of stools. Overall, understanding the mechanism of action of pancrelipase helps to determine the correct gastrointestinal change to expect.