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A charge nurse is making assignments for the upcoming shift. Which client should the charge nurse assign to a licensed practical nurse (LPN)?
- A. A client requiring IV antibiotics for pneumonia
- B. A client requiring monitoring for dehydration
- C. A client with dehydration and inflammatory bowel disease
- D. A client admitted for surgical wound care
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because a client with dehydration and inflammatory bowel disease is stable enough for care by an LPN. This condition does not require complex interventions that would necessitate a higher level of nursing care. Choice A is incorrect as administering IV antibiotics for pneumonia requires a higher level of nursing expertise. Choice B is incorrect because monitoring for dehydration may involve assessing vital signs and making critical decisions. Choice D is incorrect as providing care for surgical wound care involves wound assessment, dressing changes, and monitoring for signs of infection, which typically require a registered nurse.
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A nurse is teaching about food choices for a client on a low-sodium diet. What food should the nurse recommend?
- A. Canned soup
- B. Fresh fruit
- C. Processed meats
- D. Frozen meals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fresh fruit is a good option for clients on a low-sodium diet as it is naturally low in sodium. Canned soup, processed meats, and frozen meals tend to be high in sodium due to added salt and preservatives, making them unsuitable choices for individuals on a low-sodium diet.
A nurse is assessing a client who reports a burning sensation at the site of a peripheral IV. The site is red and swollen. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Apply a cold compress
- B. Discontinue the IV line
- C. Elevate the limb
- D. Increase the IV flow rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the IV line. The client's symptoms of a burning sensation, redness, and swelling at the IV site indicate phlebitis, which is inflammation of the vein. The priority action in this situation is to remove the source of irritation, which is the IV line, to prevent further complications such as infection or thrombosis. Applying a cold compress may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying issue. Elevating the limb is not the priority in this case. Increasing the IV flow rate can worsen the phlebitis by causing further irritation to the vein.
A healthcare professional is teaching a client about the use of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which instruction should the professional include?
- A. Inhale for 1 second
- B. Shake the inhaler vigorously
- C. Hold the inhaler 5-7 cm away from the mouth
- D. Hold breath for 5 seconds after inhalation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction when using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to shake the inhaler vigorously before use. Shaking the inhaler ensures proper mixing of the medication, which is crucial for effective delivery of the medication into the lungs. Inhaling for a specific duration, holding the inhaler at a certain distance from the mouth, or holding the breath after inhalation are not as critical as ensuring proper mixing of the medication by shaking the inhaler.
A client at risk for pressure injuries is being cared for by a nurse. What intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Keep the client in one position
- B. Use a special mattress for the client
- C. Turn the client every 4 hours
- D. Provide extra pillows for positioning
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct intervention for a client at risk for pressure injuries is to use a special mattress. Special mattresses help reduce the risk of pressure injuries by redistributing pressure on bony areas, thus preventing tissue damage. Keeping the client in one position (choice A) can actually increase the risk of pressure injuries due to prolonged pressure on specific areas. Turning the client every 4 hours (choice C) is important for preventing pressure injuries, but using a special mattress is a more effective intervention. Providing extra pillows for positioning (choice D) may offer some comfort but does not address the primary intervention of pressure redistribution that a special mattress provides.
A nurse is assessing a client who reports pain at the site of a peripheral IV. The site is red and warm. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Flush the IV line with saline
- B. Discontinue the IV infusion
- C. Apply a cold compress
- D. Increase the IV flow rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to discontinue the IV infusion. The signs of redness and warmth at the IV site indicate phlebitis, an inflammation of the vein. Discontinuing the IV infusion is crucial to prevent further complications such as infection or thrombosis. Flushing the IV line with saline would not address the underlying issue of phlebitis. Applying a cold compress may provide temporary relief but does not address the cause. Increasing the IV flow rate can exacerbate the inflammation and should be avoided.