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A child, age 7 years, has a fever associated with a viral illness. She is being cared for at home. What is the principal reason for treating fever in this child?
- A. Relief of discomfort
- B. Reassurance that illness is temporary
- C. Prevention of secondary bacterial infection
- D. Avoidance of life-threatening complications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Treating fever primarily relieves discomfort using antipyretics and environmental measures. It doesn?t reassure temporariness, prevent bacterial infections, or significantly reduce rare complications like febrile seizures.
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A 16-year-old girl comes to the pediatric clinic for information on birth control. The nurse knows that before this young woman can be examined, consent must be obtained from which source?
- A. Herself
- B. Her mother
- C. Court order
- D. Legal guardian
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Contraceptive advice is considered a medically emancipated condition, allowing the 16-year-old to provide her own informed consent. Parental or guardian consent is not required, and a court order is unnecessary for this routine care.
Using knowledge of child development, what approach is best when preparing a toddler for a procedure?
- A. Avoid asking the child to make choices.
- B. Plan for a teaching session to last about 20 minutes.
- C. Demonstrate on a doll how the procedure will be done.
- D. Show the necessary equipment without allowing child to handle it.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Demonstrating the procedure on a doll engages a toddler?s preoperational thinking through play, reducing fear. Avoiding choices limits participation, 20-minute sessions are too long for a toddler?s attention span, and showing equipment without handling increases anxiety.
A 7-year-old is identified as being at risk for skin breakdown. What intervention should the nursing care plan include?
- A. Massaging reddened bony prominences
- B. Teaching the parents to turn the child every 4 hours
- C. Ensuring that nutritional intake meets requirements
- D. Minimizing use of extra linens, which can irritate the childs skin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adequate nutrition prevents skin breakdown by supporting tissue health, especially in NPO children. Massaging bony prominences risks tissue damage, turning should occur every 2 hours by the nurse, and linens don?t typically cause irritation if managed properly.
A toddler is being sent to the operating room for surgery at 9 AM. As the nurse prepares the child, what is the priority intervention?
- A. Administering preoperative antibiotic
- B. Verifying that the child and procedure are correct
- C. Ensuring that the toddler has been NPO since midnight
- D. Informing the parents where they can wait during the procedure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Verifying the correct child and procedure is the priority to ensure safety and prevent errors. Administering antibiotics is secondary, clear liquids can be given up to 2 hours before surgery, and informing parents about waiting areas is important but not the priority.
A child who has cystic fibrosis is admitted to the pediatric unit with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The nurse recognizes that in addition to a private room, the child is placed on what precautions?
- A. Droplet
- B. Contact
- C. Airborne
- D. Standard
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MRSA is spread by direct contact, requiring contact precautions with gowns, gloves, and meticulous hand washing, in addition to a private room. Droplet and airborne precautions are for different pathogens, and standard precautions alone are insufficient.