Nokea
A child and the family about the medication phenytoin (Dilantin) prescribed for seizure control. Which of the following side effects is most likely to occur?
- A. Vertigo
- B. Drowsiness
- C. Gingival hyperplasia
- D. Vomiting
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Swollen and tender gums occur often with use of phenytoin. Good oral hygiene and regular visits to the dentist should be emphasized.
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The client is to receive 3,000 mg of medication daily in a divided dose every eight (8) hours. The medication comes 500 mg per tablet. How many tablets will the nurse administer at each dose?
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale: Daily dose: 3,000 mg / 3 doses (every 8 hr) = 1,000 mg/dose. Tablets: 1,000 mg / 500 mg/tablet = 2 tablets per dose.
The client is complaining of low-back pain and is prescribed the muscle relaxant carisoprodol (Soma). Which teaching intervention has priority?
- A. Explain this medication causes GI distress.
- B. Discuss the need to taper off this medication.
- C. Warn this medication will cause drowsiness.
- D. Instruct the client to limit alcohol intake.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carisoprodol causes drowsiness, a safety risk (e.g., falls, driving); warning is the priority. GI distress, tapering, or alcohol are secondary.
An adult is hospitalized for an acute attack of gout. Which medication should the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Morphine
- B. Colchicine
- C. Allopurinol
- D. Acetaminophen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Colchicine is used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation, unlike allopurinol, which prevents attacks.
The nurse is teaching a parent how to administer oral iron supplements to a 2 year-old child. Which of the following interventions should be included in the teaching?
- A. Stop the medication if the stools become tarry green
- B. Give the medicine with orange juice and through a straw
- C. Add the medicine to a bottle of formula
- D. Administer the iron with your child's meals
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Give the medicine with orange juice and through a straw. Absorption of iron is facilitated in an environment rich in Vitamin C. Since liquid iron preparation will stain teeth, a straw is preferred.
The client is admitted to the burn unit and prescribed pantoprazole (Protonix), a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Which statement best supports the scientific rationale for administering this medication to a client with a severe burn?
- A. This medication will help prevent a stress ulcer.
- B. This medication will help prevent systemic infections.
- C. This medication will provide continuous vasoconstriction.
- D. This medication will stimulate new skin growth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Severe burns increase stress ulcer risk due to gastric acid hypersecretion; PPIs like pantoprazole prevent this. Infection, vasoconstriction, or skin growth are unrelated.