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A child diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is going to begin medication therapy. The nurse should plan to teach the family about which classification of medications?
- A. Central nervous system stimulants and nonstimulants
- B. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
- C. Antipsychotic medications
- D. Anxiolytic medications
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Central nervous system stimulants and nonstimulants increase blood flow to the brain and have proven helpful in reducing hyperactivity in children and adolescents with ADHD. The other medication categories listed would not be appropriate.
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When group therapy is to be used as a treatment modality, the nurse should suggest placing a 9-year-old in a group that focuses on what?
- A. Play activities exclusively.
- B. Group discussion exclusively.
- C. Talk focused on a specific issue.
- D. Play and then talk about the play activity.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Group therapy for young children takes the form of play. For elementary school children, therapy combines play and talk about the activity. For adolescents, group therapy involves more talking.
An adolescent diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder says, 'My parents focus all their attention on my brother instead of me. He's perfect in their eyes.' Which type of therapy might promote the greatest change in this adolescent's behavior?
- A. Bibliotherapy
- B. Play therapy
- C. Family therapy
- D. Behavior modification therapy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Family therapy focuses on problematic family relationships and interactions. The patient has identified problems within the family. Bibliotherapy and play therapy are appropriate for children rather than adolescents. The adolescent's problem is interpersonal and relates to relationships and self-perception; therefore, behavior modification therapy would not help.
A nurse assesses the four children below. Which assessment findings should prompt the nurse to refer the child for further evaluation?
- A. A 4-year-old who stuttered for 3 weeks after the birth of a sibling.
- B. A 9-month-old who does not eat vegetables and likes to be rocked.
- C. A 3-month-old who cries after feeding until burped and sucks a thumb.
- D. A 3-year-old who is mute, passive toward adults, and twirls while walking.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Symptoms consistent with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) are evident in the correct answer. The behaviors of the other children are expected and within normal ranges.
A nurse will prepare teaching materials regarding which medication for the parents of a child diagnosed with enuresis?
- A. Haloperidol
- B. Desmopressin
- C. Methylphenidate
- D. Carbamazepine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pharmacological treatment of enuresis commonly includes desmopressin, oxybutynin, various stimulants, indomethacin, and/or SSRI antidepressants. Limited evidence exists for the use of imipramine. None of the other drugs are appropriate to treat enuresis.
A nurse prepares to lead a discussion at a community health center regarding children's health. The nurse wants to use current terminology when teaching about these issues. Which terms are appropriate for the nurse to use?
- A. Mental retardation
- B. Asperger's disorder
- C. Autism spectrum disorder
- D. Pervasive developmental disorder
- E. Intellectual development disorder
Correct Answer: C,E
Rationale: The terms 'Autism spectrum disorder' and 'Intellectual development disorder' are current and appropriate, as they reflect the terminology used in the DSM-5. 'Mental retardation' and 'Pervasive developmental disorder' are outdated, and 'Asperger's disorder' is no longer used as a distinct diagnosis, as it is now included under autism spectrum disorder.