Microbiology An Introduction Tortora Test Bank

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A child entering the school for the first time was given Mantoux test in order to determine if there was a need for revaccination. The reaction was negative. What is the meaning of this test result?

  • A. No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
  • B. Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis
  • C. No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria
  • D. No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Availability of cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis. A negative Mantoux test indicates the presence of an immune response to the TB bacteria, as the test measures the body's delayed hypersensitivity reaction to TB antigens. This means the child has been exposed to TB in the past or has been vaccinated, resulting in the development of cell-mediated immunity against TB.

Incorrect choices:
A: No cell-mediated immunity to tuberculosis - This is incorrect as a negative Mantoux test actually indicates the presence of cell-mediated immunity.
C: No antibodies to the tuberculosis bacteria - Mantoux test measures cell-mediated immunity, not antibody response.
D: No anti-toxic immunity to tuberculosis - Mantoux test does not assess anti-toxic immunity, it specifically measures cell-mediated immunity.

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OSHA was established in

  • A. 1921
  • B. 1971
  • C. 1980
  • D. 1985
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1971. OSHA, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, was established in 1971 under the Occupational Safety and Health Act signed by President Richard Nixon. This act aimed to ensure safe and healthy working conditions for employees by setting and enforcing standards. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as OSHA was not established in those years. Option A (1921) is too early, option C (1980) is after OSHA was already established, and option D (1985) is also too late. Therefore, the correct answer is B, 1971, as it aligns with the historical establishment of OSHA.

A patient presented with fever and cough. A sputum sample stained by Gram's method revealed Gram-positive diplococci with a capsule. What is the likely causative agent?

  • A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • B. Staphylococcus aureus
  • C. Neisseria meningitidis
  • D. Klebsiella pneumoniae
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Streptococcus pneumoniae. The presence of Gram-positive diplococci with a capsule is characteristic of S. pneumoniae. This bacterium is a common cause of pneumonia, especially in patients with fever and cough. It is also known for causing infections such as otitis media and sinusitis. Staphylococcus aureus (B) is a Gram-positive cocci but does not typically form diplococci or have a capsule. Neisseria meningitidis (C) is a Gram-negative diplococcus commonly associated with meningitis, not pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumoniae (D) is a Gram-negative rod, not a diplococcus, and is more commonly associated with pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.

Many diseases of medicinal plants are caused by bacteria of the Pseudomonas genus. Select the bacteria relating to this genus:

  • A. Blue pus bacillus
  • B. Colon bacillus
  • C. Proteus
  • D. Mycoplasma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blue pus bacillus. Pseudomonas genus includes bacteria that commonly cause diseases in plants. Blue pus bacillus is a common name for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a well-known bacterium that causes diseases in medicinal plants.

Explanation:
1. Blue pus bacillus (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) is a member of the Pseudomonas genus known for causing diseases in plants.
2. Colon bacillus (Escherichia coli) belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family, not the Pseudomonas genus.
3. Proteus is a genus of the Enterobacteriaceae family, not Pseudomonas.
4. Mycoplasma is a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall and are not related to the Pseudomonas genus.

In summary, the correct answer is A because it is a member of the Pseudomonas genus known for causing diseases in medicinal plants, while

A scolex is a structure found in:

  • A. Enterobius vermicularis
  • B. Necator americanus
  • C. Ascaris lumbricoides
  • D. Ancylostoma duodenale
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ancylostoma duodenale. A scolex is a structure found in tapeworms, not in the other options which are roundworms. Ancylostoma duodenale is a species of hookworm, a type of intestinal parasite that has a distinct scolex with hook-like mouthparts for attachment to the host's intestinal wall. Enterobius vermicularis is a pinworm, Necator americanus is a hookworm species without a scolex, and Ascaris lumbricoides is a roundworm with a cylindrical body lacking a scolex. Therefore, the presence of a scolex specifically points to Ancylostoma duodenale.

Which bacteria is responsible for causing the disease known as tuberculosis?

  • A. Mycobacterium leprae
  • B. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
  • C. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • D. Clostridium botulinum
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This bacterium is responsible for causing tuberculosis as it specifically infects the lungs and can spread through the air. Mycobacterium leprae (choice A) causes leprosy, not tuberculosis. Streptococcus pneumoniae (choice C) is a common cause of pneumonia but not tuberculosis. Clostridium botulinum (choice D) causes botulism, a different disease unrelated to tuberculosis. Therefore, the unique characteristics and infection pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis make it the correct choice for the bacteria responsible for causing tuberculosis.

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