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A child has been prescribed loratadine 5 mg to be taken orally once a day. The bottle is labeled “Loratadine for Oral Suspension, USP 5 mg per 5 mL.â€. How many teaspoons should the nurse instruct the parent to give with each dose?
- A. 1
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The prescribed 5 mg dose equals 5 mL (5 mg ÷ 5 mg/5 mL), or 1 teaspoon.
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A breastfeeding infant, screened for congenital hypothyroidism, is found to have low levels of thyroxine (T4) and high levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). What is the best explanation for this finding?
- A. The thyroxine level is low because the TSH level is high.
- B. High thyroxine levels normally occur in breastfeeding infants.
- C. The thyroid gland does not produce normal levels of thyroxine for several weeks after birth.
- D. The TSH is high because of the low production of T4 by the thyroid.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High TSH results from low T4 production, indicating congenital hypothyroidism.
When initiating a peripheral intravenous (IV) infusion on an infant, what action should the nurse take?
- A. Apply soft restraints to all four extremities.
- B. Assess the dorsal surface of the feet for an IV site.
- C. Instruct parents to sing or croon to the infant.
- D. Select a site that is least restrictive to the infant.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choosing a least restrictive site minimizes distress and allows easier movement post-IV insertion.
The nurse begins collecting the medical history of a child when the child screams and tries to hide behind the parent, dropping a stuffed toy. What intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Obtain the essential information as quickly as possible.
- B. Include the child's toy in the collection of information.
- C. Document interactions between the parent and the child.
- D. Ignore the child's behavior, directing Questions to a parent.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Using the toy reduces fear, creating a comfortable environment for history collection.
A 5-week-old infant who has been experiencing projectile vomiting after feedings. What additional symptom should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Stool containing mucus and blood.
- B. An olive-sized mass in the epigastric region.
- C. Frequent burping accompanied by poor feeding.
- D. Rebound tenderness in the left lower abdominal quadrant.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An olive-sized mass suggests pyloric stenosis, a common cause of projectile vomiting.
The nurse is educating the caregiver of a school-age child who has recently been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which of the caregiver's statements indicate that they have understood the education? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Create an organization chart for tasks.
- B. Understand that nonstimulant medications show little benefit in treatment.
- C. Know that medication is the best approach to treatment.
- D. Designate an established area for study.
- E. Maintain a consistent home schedule.
- F. Anticipate being automatically entered into a specialized education plan.
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Organizational charts, a designated study area, and consistent schedules provide structure, benefiting ADHD management.