Nokea
A child is brought to your clinic for a routine exam. She can dress with help, can ride a tricycle, knows her own age, and can speak in short sentences. She had difficulty in copying a square. The age of this child is most likely:
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 3 years
- D. 4 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 3 years, children typically have the ability to dress with assistance, ride a tricycle, know their age, and speak in short sentences. Copying a square usually occurs later, around 4 years of age.
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A patient had a lumbar injury. Which neurological test by the nurse would be affected?
- A. Rhine's test
- B. Pupillary reaction
- C. Romberg's test
- D. Patellar reflex
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Romberg's test is a neurological test that assesses the function of the dorsal columns of the spinal cord, which are responsible for proprioception and vibration sensations. A lumbar injury can affect these dorsal columns, leading to impaired proprioception. Therefore, the Romberg's test would be affected due to the compromised sensory input from the lower extremities. This test usually involves asking the patient to stand with feet together and eyes closed to assess balance and proprioception.
Which of the following is information the nurse would be correct in giving the patient about smoking and its effect on BP?
- A. It is associated with stages 1 and 2 hypertension.
- B. It does not affect BP regulation.
- C. It vasodilates the peripheral blood vessels.
- D. It causes sustained BP elevation.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Smoking is a known risk factor for hypertension. Chronic smoking leads to sustained elevation in blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction of the blood vessels, increasing heart rate, and promoting the formation of plaques in the arteries. This can contribute to the development of hypertension over time. Therefore, the nurse would be correct in informing the patient that smoking causes sustained elevation in blood pressure.
A 3-year-old boy is hospitalized after falling down the stairs. His mother cries, 'This is all my fault.' Which is the nurse's best response?
- A. Accidents happen; you shouldn't blame yourself.
- B. Falls are one of the most common injuries in this age group.
- C. It might help to install a baby gate on the stairs.
- D. Your son should be proficient at walking down stairs by now.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reassuring the parent that falls are common in young children can help reduce guilt and anxiety.
Because of the significant association of lead intoxication with poverty, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends blood lead screening at
- A. 6 and 12 months
- B. 12 and 24 months
- C. 24 and 36 months
- D. 36 and 48 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Blood lead screening is recommended at 12 and 24 months.
Management of the foregoing patient should include:
- A. Regular diet with extra fruits and green vegetables
- B. Potassium-sparing diuretics
- C. Discontinuance of any oral magnesium salts
- D. All of the above measures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The patient's symptoms of muscle weakness and fatigue are likely due to hypermagnesemia, which is an excess of magnesium in the blood. Hence, the management should include discontinuing any oral magnesium salts that the patient may be taking. This will help in correcting the magnesium imbalance and improving the patient's symptoms. Regular diet modifications and potassium-sparing diuretics are not indicated for the treatment of hypermagnesemia and may not address the underlying cause in this case.