Nokea
A child is sick. They have a body temperature that exceeds 37Å—C. The body senses this and begins to sweat in order to lower the temperature. What is this an example of?
- A. Positive feedback loop
- B. Negative feedback loop
- C. Both
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This scenario describes a negative feedback loop. In negative feedback, the body's response works to reverse the initial stimulus, in this case, sweating to lower the elevated body temperature. This mechanism helps maintain homeostasis by regulating the body's temperature back to the normal range.
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If the zygomatic arch is broken, where is the fracture located?
- A. Knee.
- B. Wrist.
- C. Cheek.
- D. Shoulder.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Which method of glucose conversion generates the most usable and efficient form of ATP within the human body?
- A. Aerobic respiration
- B. Anaerobic respiration
- C. Lactic acidosis
- D. Fermentation conversion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aerobic respiration generates the most ATP (around 36-38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule). It uses oxygen and occurs in the mitochondria, making it the most efficient way for the body to produce energy. In contrast, anaerobic respiration and fermentation produce significantly less ATP and are less efficient processes. Lactic acidosis is a medical condition involving the buildup of lactic acid in the body and is not a method of glucose conversion for energy production.
The cellular membrane consists of a bilayer of which substances?
- A. Nucleic acids
- B. Phospholipids.
- C. Proteins.
- D. Carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
AIDS is caused by what type of infectious agent?
- A. Protist.
- B. Bacterium.
- C. Insect.
- D. Virus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Virus. AIDS is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which attacks the immune system and weakens the body's ability to fight infections. Viruses are unique infectious agents that require a host cell to replicate and cause disease, which is the case with HIV.
A: Protists are eukaryotic organisms like parasites, but they are not known to cause AIDS.
B: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that can cause various infections, but they do not cause AIDS.
C: Insects are not infectious agents themselves but can transmit diseases, they do not cause AIDS.
In summary, the correct answer is D because HIV, a virus, specifically causes AIDS by targeting and damaging the immune system.
Which organelle is responsible for organizing protein synthesis?
- A. mitochondria
- B. nucleus
- C. ribosome
- D. vacuole
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The organelle responsible for organizing protein synthesis is the ribosome. Ribosomes are the cellular structures where proteins are synthesized or produced. They can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, responsible for generating energy through cellular respiration. The nucleus is the control center of the cell, housing the genetic material and controlling cell activities. Vacuoles are responsible for storing various substances within the cell and maintaining turgor pressure.