Nokea
A child receives a prescription for loratadine 5 mg by mouth once day. The bottle is labelled 'Loratadine for Oral Suspension, USP 5 mg per 5 mL.' How many teaspoons should the nurse instruct the parent to administer with each dose?
- A. 1 teaspoon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: 5 mg of loratadine corresponds to 5 mL (1 teaspoon) of the suspension, as per the concentration provided.
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A breastfeeding infant, screened for congenital hypothyroidism, is found to have low levels of thyroxine (T4) and high levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Which is the best explanation for this finding?
- A. The TSH is high because of the low production of T4 by the thyroid.
- B. The thyroxine level is low because the TSH level is high.
- C. The thyroid gland does not produce normal levels of thyroxine for several weeks after birth.
- D. High thyroxine levels normally occur in breastfeeding infants.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High TSH levels are a compensatory response to low T4 production, indicating congenital hypothyroidism, which requires prompt treatment to prevent developmental delays.
The nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. Which response requires further evaluation by the nurse?
- A. Has doubled birth weight.
- B. Plays 'peek-a-boo.'
- C. Demonstrates startle reflex.
- D. Turns head to locate sound.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The startle reflex typically disappears by 3-4 months; its presence at 6 months may indicate a developmental or neurological issue.
The nurse is caring for a child with hypoparathyroidism who demonstrates a carpal spasm when pressure is applied to the upper arm. Which laboratory value should the nurse review?
- A. Potassium.
- B. Chloride.
- C. Sodium.
- D. Calcium.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoparathyroidism causes low calcium levels, leading to carpal spasms, so reviewing calcium levels is critical.
The nurse is providing teaching to a school-age child with left femoral osteomyelitis and the child's parent prior to discharge. Which instruction should the nurse provide related to the initial phase of treatment?
- A. Administer topical antibiotic therapy daily.
- B. Provide passive range of motion exercises.
- C. Ensure no weight bearing on the affected extremity.
- D. Schedule ice pack applications to the infected area.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: No weight bearing on the affected extremity prevents further damage during the initial treatment phase of osteomyelitis.
A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease is brought to the clinic. The mother reports that her child is irritable, refuses to eat, and has skin peeling on both hands and feet. Which intervention should the nurse instruct the mother to implement first?
- A. Apply lotion to hands and feet.
- B. Encourage the child to rest when possible.
- C. Place the child in a quiet environment.
- D. Make a list of foods that the child likes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A quiet environment reduces sensory stimulation, alleviating irritability, which is a primary concern in Kawasaki disease.