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A child with leukemia is prone to
- A. Bleeding
- B. Infection
- C. Anemia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D result from leukemia, per document p57, 7.
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Which drug will you prepare for a child with convulsions in the ER?
- A. Ampicillin
- B. Chloroquine
- C. Hydrocortisone
- D. Phenobarbital
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phenobarbital D is the anticonvulsant for seizures, per document 6.
The best growth chart indicator in patients with acute malnutrition is:
- A. Body mass index (BMI)
- B. Body weight
- C. Weight-for-height
- D. Head circumference
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Weight-for-height best detects acute malnutrition (wasting), per WHO. BMI is less specific in kids, and B-D assess other aspects.
The nurse is explaining to a 17-year-old female the actions to prevent urinary tract infection. The nurse determines the adolescent understands the information when she says a good drink to keep urine acidic is:
- A. Milk
- B. Grape juice
- C. Apple juice
- D. Orange juice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Apple juice (C) acidifies urine, deterring UTIs. Milk (A) is neutral, grape (B) less effective, and orange (D) is acidic but less cited. Document: 'Juices such as apple or cranberry help maintain acidity of urine.'
Most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children is:
- A. Adrenal tumor
- B. Pituitary adenoma
- C. Exogenous steroids
- D. Ectopic ACTH syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Exogenous steroids are the most common cause of Cushing syndrome in children, per AAP (doc p150, Q590).
A newborn appears with abdominal distension and bilious vomiting. Abdominal x-ray reveals a double bubble sign. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Pyloric stenosis
- B. Duodenal atresia
- C. Hirschsprung disease
- D. Meconium ileus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Duodenal atresia shows a double bubble sign with bilious vomiting, per AAP. A, C-E have different presentations.