ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B

ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B Related

Review ATI Nursing Care of Children 2019 B related questions and content

A child with pyloric stenosis is having excessive vomiting. The nurse should assess for what potential complication?

  • A. Hyperkalemia
  • B. Hyperchloremia
  • C. Metabolic acidosis
  • D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Excessive vomiting in pyloric stenosis leads to the loss of stomach acid (hydrochloric acid), resulting in metabolic alkalosis, not hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia, or metabolic acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a higher pH level in the blood due to the loss of acid and a relative increase in bicarbonate. Hyperkalemia is an elevated level of potassium in the blood and is not directly related to excessive vomiting in pyloric stenosis. Hyperchloremia is an excess of chloride in the blood, which is not typically associated with this condition. Metabolic acidosis is a condition characterized by a lower pH level in the blood, caused by an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate, which is not the typical complication seen in pyloric stenosis with excessive vomiting.

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The nurse is preparing to admit a 7-year-old child with Crohn disease. What clinical manifestations should the nurse expect to observe?

  • A. Pain is common.
  • B. Weight loss is severe.
  • C. All are correct.
  • D. Diarrhea is moderate to severe.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because Crohn's disease commonly presents with pain, severe weight loss, and moderate to severe diarrhea in affected individuals. Therefore, all the manifestations listed are typically observed in patients with Crohn's disease. Choice A alone is not sufficient as weight loss and diarrhea are also prominent symptoms. Choice B is incorrect as it only mentions weight loss, omitting other common manifestations. Choice D is also incorrect as it does not cover the full range of expected clinical signs in Crohn's disease.

In children with Type 1 diabetes, what is a common early sign of hypoglycemia?

  • A. Irritability
  • B. Rapid heartbeat
  • C. Confusion
  • D. Sweating
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Sweating is indeed one of the earliest signs of hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 diabetes. When blood sugar levels drop too low, the body releases stress hormones like adrenaline, which can lead to sweating. While irritability, rapid heartbeat, and confusion can also be seen in hypoglycemia, sweating is particularly common as a quick indicator of low blood sugar levels in children with Type 1 diabetes.

Which of the following is a characteristic finding in Kawasaki disease?

  • A. Strawberry tongue
  • B. Polyarthritis
  • C. Hematuria
  • D. Rashes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A 'strawberry tongue' is a characteristic finding in Kawasaki disease. The presence of a 'strawberry tongue' is a classic sign of Kawasaki disease, along with other features such as conjunctivitis and rash. Choice B, polyarthritis, is not typically seen in Kawasaki disease. Choice C, hematuria, is not a common finding in Kawasaki disease but may be seen in other conditions. Choice D, rashes, are present in Kawasaki disease but are not as specific or characteristic as the 'strawberry tongue'. Therefore, the correct answer is A.

Which condition is characterized by a harsh, barking cough in children?

  • A. Asthma
  • B. Bronchiolitis
  • C. Croup
  • D. Pneumonia
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Croup is the correct answer. It is characterized by a harsh, barking cough due to inflammation of the upper airways, specifically the larynx and trachea. Asthma (Choice A) often presents with wheezing and shortness of breath, not a barking cough. Bronchiolitis (Choice B) typically causes wheezing and respiratory distress in infants. Pneumonia (Choice D) manifests with symptoms such as fever, productive cough, and chest pain, but not usually a barking cough.

What is the primary treatment for Kawasaki disease?

  • A. Corticosteroids
  • B. Intravenous immunoglobulin
  • C. Antibiotics
  • D. Antivirals
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). IVIG is the primary treatment for Kawasaki disease, an acute vasculitis that mainly affects children under 5 years old. Early administration of IVIG is crucial as it helps reduce the risk of coronary artery aneurysms, which is the most serious complication of Kawasaki disease. Corticosteroids (Choice A) are not the primary treatment for Kawasaki disease and are not recommended due to potential adverse effects. Antibiotics (Choice C) are not indicated for the treatment of Kawasaki disease as it is not caused by a bacterial infection. Antivirals (Choice D) are also not part of the standard treatment for Kawasaki disease, as it is not caused by a viral infection.

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