Medical Surgical HESI

Medical Surgical HESI Related

Review Medical Surgical HESI related questions and content

A client admitted with left-sided heart failure has a heart rate of 110 beats per minute and is becoming increasingly dyspneic. Which additional assessment finding by the nurse supports the client's admitting diagnosis?

  • A. Jugular vein distention.
  • B. Crackles in the lung bases.
  • C. Peripheral edema.
  • D. Bounding peripheral pulses.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Crackles in the lung bases. Crackles in the lung bases are indicative of pulmonary congestion, which is a classic sign of left-sided heart failure. Left-sided heart failure leads to a backup of blood into the lungs, causing fluid leakage into the alveoli and resulting in crackles upon auscultation. Choices A, C, and D are less specific to left-sided heart failure. Jugular vein distention can be seen in right-sided heart failure, peripheral edema can be seen in both right and left-sided heart failure, and bounding peripheral pulses are more indicative of conditions like hyperthyroidism or anemia rather than specifically supporting left-sided heart failure.

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Since children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) take medication for long periods of time, side effects must be considered. How often should children be assessed for side effects of the drug therapy?

  • A. Every 2 months
  • B. Every 4 months
  • C. Every 6 months
  • D. Every 8 months
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Children with ADHD who are on long-term medication therapy should be assessed for side effects every 6 months. This timeframe allows healthcare providers to monitor the effects of the medication and make any necessary adjustments. Checking every 2 months (Choice A) may be too frequent and not practical for routine monitoring, while checking every 4 or 8 months (Choices B and D) may lead to missing potential side effects or delays in addressing them.

What are early signs of varicella disease?

  • A. High fever over 101°F (38.3°C)
  • B. General malaise
  • C. Increased appetite
  • D. Crusty sores
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct early sign of varicella disease is general malaise. During the prodromal period, patients may experience low-grade fever, malaise, and anorexia. Increased appetite and crusty sores are not typically early signs of varicella. The appearance of lesions occurs later in the course of the disease.

When selecting patient problems for the 4-year-old child with nephrosis, what should be a priority for the nurse?

  • A. Impaired body image
  • B. Skin impairment
  • C. Nutritional deficit
  • D. Injury
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Skin impairment. Nephrosis is characterized by gross edema, making skin care a priority. Skin impairment can result from the edema and needs close monitoring and management. While nutritional deficit and injury are important considerations in patient care, they are not the priority when dealing with a child with nephrosis. Impaired body image is not typically a priority in the immediate care of a young child with nephrosis.

The nurse is caring for a client with acute pancreatitis. Which laboratory result is most indicative of this condition?

  • A. Elevated serum amylase
  • B. Decreased serum bilirubin
  • C. Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
  • D. Decreased alkaline phosphatase
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Elevated serum amylase is the most indicative laboratory result of acute pancreatitis. In this condition, the pancreas becomes inflamed, leading to the leakage of amylase and lipase into the bloodstream. Elevated serum amylase levels are a classic finding in acute pancreatitis. Choices B, C, and D are not typically associated with acute pancreatitis. Decreased serum bilirubin, increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and decreased alkaline phosphatase levels are not specific markers for acute pancreatitis.

When performing an assessment of a child with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), what symptom is the child most likely to experience?

  • A. Increased temperature
  • B. Constipation
  • C. Right quadrant pain
  • D. Exercise-associated pain
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: When assessing a child with recurrent abdominal pain (RAP), constipation is a common symptom. Children with RAP often experience periumbilical pain that is unrelated to eating, defecation, or exercise. While increased temperature, right quadrant pain, and exercise-associated pain can occur in various conditions, they are not typically associated with RAP in children.

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