Hematologic System Assessment Questions

Hematologic System Assessment Questions Related

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A client calls the clinic to report exposure to poison ivy and an itchy rash that is not helped with over-the-counter antihistamines. What response by the nurse is most appropriate?

  • A. Antihistamines do not help poison ivy.'
  • B. There are different antihistamines to try.'
  • C. You should be seen in the clinic right away.'
  • D. You will need to take some IV steroids.'
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale for Correct Answer (A): Antihistamines do not help poison ivy. Poison ivy rash is a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction, not a histamine-mediated reaction. Therefore, antihistamines will not provide relief. The most appropriate response is to educate the client on the ineffectiveness of antihistamines for poison ivy.

Summary of Incorrect Choices:
B: There are different antihistamines to try. This is incorrect because antihistamines are not effective for poison ivy rash.
C: You should be seen in the clinic right away. Immediate clinic visit is not necessary unless there are severe symptoms or complications.
D: You will need to take some IV steroids. IV steroids are not the first-line treatment for poison ivy rash. Topical steroids are usually sufficient.

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This drug can potentiate the effect of prostacyclins to antagonize platelet stickiness and therefore decreases platelet adhesion to thrombogenic surfaces.

  • A. Sulfinpyrazone
  • B. Dipyridamole
  • C. Ticlopidine
  • D. Clopidogrel
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dipyridamole. Dipyridamole works by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, leading to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels. This increase in cAMP levels potentiates the effect of prostacyclins, which inhibit platelet stickiness and decrease platelet adhesion to thrombogenic surfaces.

Rationale:
A: Sulfinpyrazone is a uricosuric agent, not a platelet anti-aggregant.
C: Ticlopidine and D: Clopidogrel are both antiplatelet agents but work by different mechanisms (ADP receptor antagonists). They do not potentiate prostacyclins and do not directly affect cAMP levels.

Kaposi's sarcoma- findings should expect with this condition?

  • A. Onset of progressive dementia- describes as AIDS-dementia complex that can occur, as the HIV infection affects the nervous system
  • B. Reddish-purple skin lesions- associated with AIDS and manifests as hyperpigmentation multicentric lesions that can be firm, flat, raised, and nodular; treated with radiation and/or chemotherapy
  • C. Yellowing of the skin
  • D. Persistent cough
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Reddish-purple skin lesions. Kaposi's sarcoma is a type of cancer that is commonly seen in individuals with HIV/AIDS. The skin lesions associated with Kaposi's sarcoma are typically reddish-purple in color and can present as flat, raised, or nodular lesions. These lesions are caused by abnormal growth of blood vessels and can be found on the skin, mouth, or internal organs. Treatment options include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or antiretroviral therapy.

Choice A is incorrect because the onset of progressive dementia is more characteristic of the AIDS-dementia complex, which can occur as HIV affects the nervous system. Choice C, yellowing of the skin, is not a typical finding of Kaposi's sarcoma. Choice D, persistent cough, is not a direct symptom of Kaposi's sarcoma and is more commonly associated with respiratory conditions or infections.

The term 'leukopenia' is the medical term for which of the following?

  • A. Easy bleeding and bruising
  • B. Too few platelets
  • C. Too few red blood cells
  • D. Too few white blood cells
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Too few white blood cells. Leukopenia refers to a decrease in white blood cells. White blood cells are crucial for the immune system to fight infections. Easy bleeding and bruising (A) are associated with low platelets, not white blood cells. Too few red blood cells (C) is known as anemia. While white blood cells are important for immunity, platelets help with blood clotting, and red blood cells carry oxygen.

Which is the priority concern in developing a teaching plan for the parents of a 15-month-old child?

  • A. Toilet training guidelines
  • B. Guidelines for weaning children from bottles
  • C. Instructions on preschool readiness
  • D. Instructions on a home safety assessment
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, instructions on a home safety assessment. This is the priority concern because at 15 months, children are curious and mobile, making them prone to accidents. Conducting a home safety assessment helps identify potential hazards and allows parents to make necessary changes to create a safe environment for the child. Toilet training (A) and weaning from bottles (B) are important developmental milestones but are not as critical as ensuring the child's safety. Preschool readiness (C) is also important but can be addressed later, whereas immediate attention to home safety is crucial to prevent accidents.

Antigen-presenting cells that activate helper T cells must express which one of the following on their surfaces?

  • A. IgE
  • B. gamma interferon
  • C. class I MHC antigens
  • D. class II MHC antigens
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: class II MHC antigens. Antigen-presenting cells activate helper T cells by presenting antigens on their surfaces via class II MHC molecules. These molecules bind to the T cell receptor, triggering the immune response. IgE (choice A) is not involved in activating helper T cells. Gamma interferon (choice B) is a cytokine produced by T cells but is not directly involved in antigen presentation. Class I MHC antigens (choice C) present antigens to cytotoxic T cells, not helper T cells.