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A client comes to the occupational health nurse complaining of eye irritation. The client works in a dusty, outdoor environment. Why should the nurse advise periodic blinking to this client?
- A. To control the amount of sunlight that enters the eye
- B. To minimize the impact of the wind on the eye and to trap foreign debris
- C. To clear the dust and particles from the surface of the eyes
- D. To prevent the collection of tears over the surface of the eye
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Periodic blinking clears the dust and particles from the surface of the eyes. The eyelids also spread tears over the surface of the eye, which helps bathe and lubricate the surface. The eyelids protect against foreign bodies and adjust the amount of light that enters the eye, whereas the eyelashes trap foreign debris.
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A nurse is assessing a pediatric client in a public health clinic. The parent states that the client has been sneezing and rubbing the eyes. The nurses observes the client's eyes and documents objective symptoms of watery and red eyes. When reporting the assessment findings to the health care provider, which description is appropriate?
- A. Signs and symptoms of conjunctivitis
- B. Signs and symptoms of ptosis
- C. Signs and symptoms of nystagmus
- D. Signs and symptoms of proptosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Conjunctivitis often stems from an allergy causing inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is a thin, transparent mucous membrane. Conjunctivitis can cause symptoms of itchiness, redness, and watery eyes. Ptosis is drooping of the upper eyelid. Proptosis is an extended and upper eyelid that delays in closing or remains partially open. Nystagmus is an uncontrolled oscillating movement of the eyeball.
The nurse is assisting the eye surgeon in completing an examination of a client's eye. Which piece of equipment would the nurse provide to the surgeon to examine the optic disc under magnification?
- A. Retinoscope
- B. Ophthalmoscope
- C. #NAME?
- D. Amsler grid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is correct to provide an ophthalmoscope to the surgeon for examination of the optic disc. A retinoscope is used to determine errors in refraction. A tonometer measures intraocular pressure. An Amsler grid tests for problems with the macula.
The nurse is completing a corneal light reflex test on a client, using a penlight. Which result would indicate a normal test result?
- A. The pupils have reaction to light.
- B. The eyes follow the light in all four directions.
- C. The client can see the light using peripheral vision.
- D. The light reflection is in the same spot on each eye.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A normal corneal light reflex test is when the light reflex is even, reflecting the light at the same spot on both eyes. If the light reflex is uneven, it indicates deviated alignment of the eyes, possibly due to muscle weakness or paralysis.
The nurse is establishing a visual test using the Snellen chart for a client experiencing visual changes. At which distance should the nurse instruct the client to stand?
- A. A 10-feet distance
- B. A 20-feet distance
- C. A 30-feet distance
- D. A 40-feet distance
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse is correct in instructing the client to stand at a 20-feet distance from the Snellen chart. Often, the nurse places tape on the floor to denote the correct distance for the client to stand.
The nurse is caring for geriatric clients who state that they are prescribed reading glasses. Some individuals state needing assistance with seeing writing far away, and others need assistance with closer vision. What does the nurse understand to be related to visual changes caused by aging?
- A. Changes in refraction
- B. Changes in the visual field
- C. Changes in central vision
- D. Changes in accommodation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The changes that occur in vision during aging, which include difficulty reading and the need for reading glasses, include changes in accommodation. Accommodation occurs when the ciliary muscles contract or relax to focus an image on the retina.