Nokea
A client diagnosed with heart failure displays bilateral pitting edema of the lower extremities. Which of the following terms is used to describe this finding?
- A. Contraindication
- B. Sign
- C. Symptom
- D. Subjective data
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'B. Sign.' In this scenario, bilateral pitting edema is an objective finding that can be observed by others, making it a sign of heart failure. Choice A, 'Contraindication,' refers to a factor that makes a particular treatment or procedure potentially harmful. Choice C, 'Symptom,' is a subjective indication of a condition experienced by the client. Choice D, 'Subjective data,' is information that is reported by the client but cannot be directly observed or measured.
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Which of the following stores electrolytes and acts as an electrolyte pool?
- A. Brain - Kidneys
- B. Bone - Nails
- C. Bone - Liver
- D. Liver - Pancreas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bones store electrolytes and act as a reservoir, maintaining a balance of essential minerals like calcium and phosphate. The correct pair in this context is 'Bone - Nails.' Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the brain, kidneys, liver, and pancreas perform other functions in the body and are not primarily responsible for storing electrolytes.
Which of the following is found in clients with Parkinson's disease?
- A. Mobility and functioning
- B. The liver and kidneys
- C. Too much dopamine in the brain
- D. Skeletal muscle flaccidity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Too much dopamine in the brain. Parkinson's disease is characterized by a deficiency of dopamine in the brain, not an excess. This deficiency leads to the motor symptoms associated with the disease. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Mobility and functioning are affected in Parkinson's disease due to the lack of dopamine, not an excess. The liver and kidneys are not directly related to Parkinson's disease. Skeletal muscle flaccidity is not typically a primary symptom of Parkinson's disease, which is more characterized by rigidity and tremors.
What important instruction should the nurse provide regarding the application of testosterone gel in a patient with hypogonadism?
- A. Apply the gel to the chest or upper arms and allow it to dry completely before dressing.
- B. Apply the gel to the face and neck for maximum absorption.
- C. Apply the gel to the genitals for improved results.
- D. Apply the gel to the scalp and back for better results.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for applying testosterone gel in a patient with hypogonadism is to apply it to the chest or upper arms and allow it to dry completely before dressing. This method helps avoid transfer to others. Applying the gel to the face, neck, or genitals is not recommended as it can lead to unintended exposure to others. Additionally, applying the gel to the scalp and back is not a standard or effective route of administration for testosterone gel. Therefore, choice A is the correct answer as it ensures proper application and safety.
What clinical manifestations would the nurse expect to find in a client who is experiencing anaphylaxis?
- A. Dilated bronchioles, constriction of peripheral blood vessels, decreased capillary permeability
- B. Asthma, deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- C. Narrowing of the bronchioles, dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, increased capillary permeability
- D. Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, urinary tract infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In anaphylaxis, the client would present with narrowing of the bronchioles, dilation of the peripheral blood vessels, and increased capillary permeability. These manifestations lead to symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and swelling. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not describe the typical clinical manifestations of anaphylaxis.
A healthcare provider is explaining to a patient the difference between primary and secondary immunodeficiency disorders and explains that secondary immunodeficiencies (select ONE that does not apply):
- A. May develop after viral infections
- B. Develop before birth
- C. May develop following immunosuppressive therapies
- D. Are caused by superimposed conditions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statements about secondary immunodeficiencies are that they may develop after viral infections, following immunosuppressive therapies, and are caused by superimposed conditions. Choice B ('Develop before birth') is incorrect because secondary immunodeficiencies do not develop before birth. They are acquired later in life. Therefore, the correct answers are A, C, and D.