Nokea
A client enters the prenatal clinic. She states that she believes she is pregnant. Which of the following hormone elevations will indicate a high probability that the client is pregnant?
- A. Chorionic gonadotropin.
- B. Oxytocin.
- C. Prolactin.
- D. Luteinizing hormone.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is the hormone detected by pregnancy tests and is a definitive indicator of pregnancy. Oxytocin, prolactin, and luteinizing hormone are not specific to pregnancy.
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What is the purpose of administering magnesium sulfate during preterm labor?
- A. to relax the uterus and prevent contractions
- B. to improve fetal oxygenation and reduce uterine activity
- C. to reduce the risk of seizures and cerebral hemorrhage
- D. to decrease blood pressure and reduce fetal stress
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: to reduce the risk of seizures and cerebral hemorrhage. Magnesium sulfate is used during preterm labor to prevent and treat seizures in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia. It acts as a neuroprotective agent by preventing cerebral vasoconstriction and reducing the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. The other choices are incorrect because magnesium sulfate does not primarily relax the uterus to prevent contractions (A), improve fetal oxygenation (B), or decrease blood pressure (D) during preterm labor.
The nurse explains that prior to fertilization each cell is reduced from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes. This is referred to as the __________ number.
- A. haploid
- B. DNA
- C. Chromoses
- D. Plastoderm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prior to fertilization, each cell undergoes meiosis, reducing its chromosome count from 46 to 23. This reduction ensures genetic diversity and proper development of the embryo. The term 'haploid' refers to cells containing only one set of chromosomes.
A woman provides the nurse with the following obstetrical history: Delivered a son, now 7 years old, at 28 weeks’ gestation; delivered a daughter, now 5 years old, at 39 weeks’ gestation; had a miscarriage 3 years ago, and had a first-trimester abortion 2 years ago. She is currently pregnant. Which of the following portrays an accurate picture of this woman’s gravidity and parity?
- A. G4 P2121.
- B. G4 P1212.
- C. G5 P1122.
- D. G5 P2211.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gravidity includes all pregnancies (live births, miscarriages, abortions, and current pregnancy). Parity reflects live births. This woman has had 5 pregnancies (2 live births, 1 miscarriage, 1 abortion, and 1 current pregnancy), making her G5 P2211.
A multigravid client is 22 weeks pregnant. Which of the following symptoms would the nurse expect the client to exhibit?
- A. Nausea.
- B. Dyspnea.
- C. Urinary frequency.
- D. Leg cramping.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Leg cramping is a common complaint during the second trimester. Nausea is more common in the first trimester, and dyspnea and urinary frequency are more common in the third trimester.
The nurse explains that prior to fertilization each cell is reduced from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes. This is referred to as the __________ number.
- A. haploid
- B. DNA
- C. Chromoses
- D. Plastoderm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prior to fertilization, each cell undergoes meiosis, reducing its chromosome count from 46 to 23. This reduction ensures genetic diversity and proper development of the embryo. The term 'haploid' refers to cells containing only one set of chromosomes.