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A client expresses anxiety about an upcoming surgery. What should the nurse do?
- A. Administer a sedative
- B. Ask the client to describe their feelings
- C. Call the surgeon to address the anxiety
- D. Provide information on post-op care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a client expresses anxiety, it is essential for the nurse to encourage the client to verbalize their feelings. This helps the client express concerns, fears, and uncertainties, enabling the nurse to provide appropriate emotional support. Administering a sedative (Choice A) should not be the initial response as it does not address the underlying emotional needs of the client. Calling the surgeon to address anxiety (Choice C) may not be within the nurse's scope of practice and may not directly address the client's emotional needs. Providing information on post-op care (Choice D) is important but not the priority when the client is experiencing anxiety preoperatively.
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A client has a new prescription for a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). What instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Inhale the medication for 1 second
- B. Shake the inhaler vigorously before use
- C. Hold the inhaler 1-2 inches from the mouth
- D. Exhale immediately after inhalation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is to hold the inhaler 1-2 inches from the mouth. This distance allows for the proper delivery of the medication into the lungs. Choice A is incorrect because the duration of inhalation can vary depending on the medication, and 1 second may not be adequate. Choice B is incorrect as shaking the inhaler vigorously is not necessary for all MDIs and can lead to inaccurate dosing. Choice D is incorrect as the client should hold their breath for about 10 seconds after inhalation to allow the medication to deposit in the lungs.
A nurse in a provider's office is assessing a client who reports a decrease in the effectiveness of their arthritis medication. What factor should the nurse identify as contributing to this decrease?
- A. Increased activity level
- B. Bowel inflammation
- C. Long-term use of the medication
- D. History of dehydration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bowel inflammation can reduce the absorption of oral medications, leading to decreased effectiveness. In this case, the decrease in the effectiveness of the arthritis medication could be attributed to impaired absorption due to bowel inflammation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increased activity level, long-term use of the medication, and history of dehydration are not directly associated with a decrease in medication effectiveness related to absorption issues.
A nurse is assessing a client who is at risk for pressure injuries. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Reposition the client every 4 hours
- B. Use a special mattress for the client
- C. Keep the client on bedrest
- D. Encourage the client to remain in one position
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Use a special mattress for the client.' Using a special mattress reduces pressure on bony prominences and helps prevent pressure injuries. Repositioning the client every 4 hours (choice A) is important but using a special mattress is more effective. Keeping the client on bedrest (choice C) can increase the risk of pressure injuries due to prolonged immobility. Encouraging the client to remain in one position (choice D) is incorrect as it can lead to pressure injuries by exerting pressure on the same areas for an extended period.
A nurse is assisting with meal planning for a client who has been prescribed a mechanical soft diet. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?
- A. Steamed carrots
- B. Orange slices
- C. Mashed potatoes
- D. Baked chicken
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct! Orange slices should be avoided by clients on a mechanical soft diet as they can be difficult to chew and swallow. Steamed carrots, mashed potatoes, and baked chicken are suitable choices for a mechanical soft diet, as they are softer in texture and easier to consume without posing a risk of choking or swallowing difficulties.
A healthcare professional is reviewing a client's medical history and identifies an increased risk for infections. What risk factor should the healthcare professional include?
- A. Frequent handwashing
- B. Increased mobility
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Chronic conditions
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Chronic conditions. Chronic conditions, such as diabetes or immune suppression, can compromise the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Frequent handwashing (Choice A) is actually a protective measure against infections. Increased mobility (Choice B) and high blood pressure (Choice C) are not directly associated with an increased risk for infections.