Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions

Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions Related

Review Medical Surgical Nursing Practice Questions related questions and content

A client had an evacuation of a subdural hematoma. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

  • A. Observe for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks from the evacuation site.
  • B. Assess for an increase in temperature.
  • C. Check the oximeter.
  • D. Monitor for manifestations of increased intracranial pressure.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step 1: Checking the oximeter is essential to assess the client's oxygen saturation levels immediately post-procedure.
Step 2: Hypoxia can lead to serious complications, impacting the client's neurological status.
Step 3: The nurse must prioritize oxygenation status to prevent further brain injury or hypoxemia.
Step 4: Observing for CSF leaks, assessing temperature, and monitoring ICP are important but not as immediate as ensuring adequate oxygen supply.
Summary: Option C is correct as it addresses the most critical and immediate concern post-procedure, ensuring optimal oxygenation for the client's neurological recovery. Options A, B, and D are important but secondary to maintaining oxygen levels.

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What stage of shock is the client experiencing if they exhibit confusion, lethargy, and decreased urine production?

  • A. Initial stage
  • B. Compensatory stage
  • C. Decompensation stage
  • D. Irreversible stage
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: These symptoms indicate decompensation, where the body can no longer compensate for inadequate perfusion.

Which patient needs attention first?

  • A. An elderly person complains of dizziness and syncope after standing in the sun for several hours to view a parade
  • B. A marathon runner complains of severe leg cramps and nausea. Tachycardia, diaphoresis, pallor, and weakness are observed
  • C. A previously healthy homemaker reports broken air conditioner for days. Tachypnea, hypotension, fatigue, and profuse diaphoresis are observed
  • D. A homeless person, poor historian, presents with altered mental status, poor muscle coordination, and hot, dry, ashen skin. Duration of exposure is unknown
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Hot, dry skin and altered mental status suggest heat stroke, a medical emergency requiring immediate cooling measures.

Which finding on assessment supports the nursing diagnosis Decreased Cardiac Output related to decreased plasma volume?

  • A. Flattened neck veins when client is in supine position
  • B. Full and bounding pedal and post-tibial pulses
  • C. Pitting edema located in feet ankles and calves
  • D. Shallow respirations with crackles on auscultation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Flattened neck veins in the supine position indicate reduced venous return due to decreased plasma volume, which supports the diagnosis of Decreased Cardiac Output.

A client wants help choosing between apitherapy and chiropractic treatments. Compare and contrast the two methods in terms of safety and insurance coverage.

  • A. Apitherapy involves bee venom therapy and may not be covered by insurance; chiropractic treatments focus on spinal manipulation and are often covered.
  • B. Both methods are equally safe and covered by insurance.
  • C. Neither method is safe or covered by insurance.
  • D. Safety and coverage depend solely on the client's insurance provider.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Apitherapy and chiropractic treatments differ in safety profiles and insurance coverage, requiring careful evaluation.

A client is admitted for hemodialysis. Which abnormal lab value would the nurse anticipate not being improved by hemodialysis?

  • A. Low hemoglobin.
  • B. Hypernatremia.
  • C. High serum creatinine.
  • D. Hyperkalemia.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hemodialysis does not directly improve anemia caused by low hemoglobin.

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