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A client has a new diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-sodium foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: For a client with nephrotic syndrome, decreasing the intake of high-sodium foods is essential to manage fluid retention and symptoms of the condition. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid retention, swelling, and worsen the condition. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their high-sodium food intake aligns with the dietary management approach to help control nephrotic syndrome. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing high-sodium foods would exacerbate fluid retention, avoiding lactose is not specifically required for nephrotic syndrome, and increasing dairy products may not be necessary unless individualized based on the client's needs and lab values.
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Which of the following statements best describes a wellness nursing diagnosis for an individual, family, or community?
- A. clinical judgment of transition to a higher level of wellness
- B. nursing judgment that in some area no pathology exists
- C. a judgment that in some area there is more wellness than illness
- D. statement of an area of family strength to use in interventions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A wellness nursing diagnosis best describes a clinical judgment of transitioning to a higher wellness level, focusing on enhancing health beyond mere absence of disease. Unlike pathology-based diagnoses, it identifies potential for growth like improving nutrition in a healthy client reflecting nursing's preventive role. Judging no pathology or more wellness than illness is narrower, missing the forward-looking aspect, while family strengths support interventions but aren't the diagnosis. This perspective encourages proactive care, aligning with wellness models to elevate client health.
You partially darken a room and ask the client to look straight ahead. You use a penlight and, approaching from the side you shine the light, it constricts. You remove the light and then shine it on the same pupil again. You also observe the response of the other pupil. You would normally find the other pupil doing which of the following things?
- A. not make any change in size
- B. dilate in an oppositional response to the light
- C. first constrict, then dilate larger than the other pupil
- D. constrict in consensual response
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The other pupil constricts consensually when light hits one, a normal reflex. No change, dilation, or mixed response indicates abnormality. Nurses test this for brain function.
Which of the following is NOT TRUE about profession according to Marie Jahoda?
- A. A profession is an organization of an occupational group based on the application of special knowledge
- B. It serves specific interest of a group
- C. It is altruistic
- D. Quality of work is of greater importance than the rewards
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Marie Jahoda, a 20th-century psychologist, defined a profession as an organized group applying specialized knowledge for the broader community's benefit, not just a specific subset. She emphasized altruism (serving others selflessly) and prioritizing work quality over rewards, traits nursing exemplifies through education and care standards. The idea that a profession serves only a specific group's interests contradicts her view professions like nursing aim for universal welfare, such as public health initiatives. This distinction often appears in licensure exams, highlighting nursing's societal role over narrow advocacy, aligning with its ethical and professional identity.
The nurse is planning care for a client with a chronic illness. Which intervention reflects tertiary prevention?
- A. Screening the client for depression
- B. Teaching the client strategies for living with the illness
- C. Encouraging the client to receive an annual flu vaccine
- D. Educating the client about preventing transmission of illness
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tertiary prevention optimizes life with a chronic illness, reducing its impact post-diagnosis. Teaching strategies for living with it like pacing activities for arthritis helps the client adapt, minimizing disability and enhancing function, a nursing priority. Screening for depression is secondary, detecting new issues, not managing the existing one. An annual flu vaccine is primary, preventing unrelated illness, not addressing the chronic condition's effects. Educating about transmission fits infectious cases, not all chronic ones. This intervention tailored coping reflects nursing's role in rehabilitation, ensuring clients thrive despite limits. For instance, teaching a heart failure client fluid management cuts readmissions, aligning with tertiary care's focus on sustaining quality of life through practical, illness-specific support.
A client has a new diagnosis of gout, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of purine-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of purine-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease intake of purine-rich foods to manage uric acid levels and symptoms of gout. Purine-rich foods can exacerbate gout symptoms by increasing uric acid production, leading to flare-ups. Therefore, reducing purine intake is essential in the dietary management of gout. Option A is incorrect because increasing purine-rich foods can worsen gout symptoms. Option C is irrelevant as lactose is not directly related to gout. Option D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a recommended dietary modification for managing gout.