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A client has a new prescription for alendronate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- B. Lie down for 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Avoid dairy products while taking the medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When taking alendronate, it is important to take the medication with a full glass of water to prevent esophageal irritation. This helps ensure that the medication reaches the stomach and is properly absorbed. Lying down after taking alendronate can increase the risk of esophageal irritation, which is why it is recommended to stay upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication. Taking the medication at bedtime or avoiding dairy products are not specific instructions associated with alendronate administration. Therefore, the correct instruction to include is to take the medication with a full glass of water.
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A client has been prescribed ciprofloxacin and is receiving discharge teaching. Which of the following instructions should be included by the healthcare provider?
- A. Take the medication with milk.
- B. Avoid exposure to sunlight.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Increase your intake of vitamin K.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to avoid exposure to sunlight. Ciprofloxacin can increase the risk of photosensitivity, making it important to protect the skin from sunlight to prevent skin reactions. This precaution can help prevent skin damage and discomfort in individuals taking ciprofloxacin. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Taking ciprofloxacin with milk is not recommended as it may reduce the absorption of the medication. There is no specific instruction to take ciprofloxacin at bedtime. Increasing vitamin K intake is not directly related to ciprofloxacin therapy.
Strategies to improve adherence to medication regimes include:
- A. Assuming that the patient understands the directions on the prescription bottle
- B. Writing instructions at a sixth-grade reading level
- C. Including a family member in the patient's medication education
- D. Assuming that the patient's health literacy level is the same as their general literacy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is correct because involving a family member improves adherence by providing support and reinforcing education, especially for complex regimens. Choice A is incorrect as assuming understanding risks miscommunication. Choice B is wrong because sixth-grade level may not suit all patients—tailoring is better. Choice D is incorrect since health literacy often differs from general literacy, requiring specific assessment.
A nurse is assessing a client who is taking hydrocodone. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Constipation
- B. Sedation
- C. Dry mouth
- D. Respiratory depression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory depression. Hydrocodone is an opioid medication that can cause respiratory depression, a serious side effect that should be reported immediately to the healthcare provider. Constipation, sedation, and dry mouth are common side effects of hydrocodone but are not as concerning as respiratory depression. Constipation can be managed with lifestyle modifications and medications, sedation may improve with time or dosage adjustments, and dry mouth is a common and usually benign side effect.
Risk factors for misuse of controlled substances include:
- A. History of substance abuse
- B. Young age
- C. Mental health disorders
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because prior substance abuse, young age (impulsivity), and mental health issues (self-medication) are all established risk factors for misuse, per addiction research. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one factor. Choice B is wrong by itself because age is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since mental health is only one aspect.
Drugs that are controlled substances include:
- A. Acetaminophen
- B. Oxycodone
- C. Ibuprofen
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because oxycodone is a Schedule II controlled substance due to high abuse potential, per DEA classification. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen is not controlled. Choice C is wrong because ibuprofen is not a controlled substance. Choice D is incorrect since only oxycodone fits.