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A client has a new prescription for Metformin. Which of the following adverse effects of Metformin should the nurse instruct the client to report to the provider?
- A. Somnolence
- B. Constipation
- C. Fluid retention
- D. Weight gain
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Somnolence. Somnolence can indicate lactic acidosis, a rare but serious adverse effect of Metformin. Lactic acidosis is manifested by extreme drowsiness, hyperventilation, and muscle pain. Clients should be instructed to report these symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly to prevent further complications.
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A client has a new prescription for Verapamil to control hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase the amount of dietary fiber in the diet.
- B. Drink grapefruit juice daily to increase vitamin C intake.
- C. Decrease the amount of calcium in the diet.
- D. Withhold food for 1 hr after taking the medication.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Increasing dietary fiber intake is essential when taking Verapamil to prevent constipation, a common adverse effect of this medication. Verapamil is a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension, and dietary fiber helps maintain bowel regularity and prevent constipation that may occur as a side effect of the medication.
A client has a new prescription for Labetalol. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take this medication at bedtime.
- B. Avoid sudden discontinuation of the medication.
- C. Increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client on Labetalol is to avoid sudden discontinuation of the medication. Labetalol is a beta-blocker that, if abruptly stopped, can lead to rebound hypertension and other cardiac issues. It is essential for patients to taper off this medication under medical supervision to prevent adverse effects.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Etanercept for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will need to get my blood drawn periodically while on this medication.'
- B. I should stop taking this medication if I develop a rash.'
- C. I will need to limit my alcohol intake to no more than one drink per week.'
- D. I should self-administer this medication subcutaneously into the muscle.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A client has a new prescription for Lovastatin. Which of the following instructions should be included?
- A. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Take this medication in the morning.
- C. Take this medication at bedtime.
- D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lovastatin should be taken at bedtime because cholesterol production in the liver is highest at night, making the medication more effective in reducing cholesterol levels. By taking it at bedtime, the medication aligns with the body's natural rhythm of cholesterol synthesis, optimizing its therapeutic effects.
A healthcare professional is administering a Dopamine infusion at a low dose to a client with severe heart failure. Which of the following findings is an expected effect of this medication?
- A. Lowered heart rate
- B. Increased myocardial contractility
- C. Decreased conduction through the AV node
- D. Vasoconstriction of renal blood vessels
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dopamine, when administered at a low dose, is expected to increase myocardial contractility by stimulating beta1 receptors. This positive inotropic effect leads to an increase in cardiac output. Therefore, the correct answer is increased myocardial contractility, as it is a desired effect of administering dopamine to a client with severe heart failure.