LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions

LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions Related

Review LPN Pharmacology Practice Questions related questions and content

A client has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin patches. Which of the following instructions should be included for proper use?

  • A. Apply the patch to the same site each day.
  • B. Place the patch on an area of skin away from skin folds and joints.
  • C. Keep the patch on 24 hours per day.
  • D. Replace the patch every 72 hours.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Placing the nitroglycerin patch on an area of skin away from skin folds and joints is crucial to ensure optimal absorption and effectiveness of the medication. Placing the patch on skin folds or joints can interfere with absorption, potentially reducing the patch's efficacy. Therefore, it is essential to follow this instruction to maximize the therapeutic benefits of the nitroglycerin patches. The other options are incorrect because applying the patch to the same site each day can lead to skin irritation, keeping the patch on 24 hours per day may not be necessary depending on the specific patch instructions, and replacing the patch every 72 hours is not the standard frequency for nitroglycerin patches.

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What is the initial action the nurse should take for a client who had a myocardial infarction (MI) and is experiencing restlessness, agitation, and an increased respiratory rate?

  • A. Administer oxygen.
  • B. Administer morphine sulfate.
  • C. Notify the healthcare provider.
  • D. Take the client's blood pressure.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Administering oxygen is the priority action for a client experiencing restlessness, agitation, and an increased respiratory rate after a myocardial infarction (MI). This intervention helps ensure adequate oxygenation, improve cardiac function, and reduce the workload on the heart. Oxygen therapy takes precedence over administering medications like morphine sulfate or notifying the healthcare provider as it addresses the immediate need for oxygenation. Checking the blood pressure is also important but not as urgent as ensuring proper oxygen supply.

A client diagnosed with hypertension is prescribed atenolol (Tenormin). The nurse should monitor the client for which common side effect of this medication?

  • A. Tachycardia
  • B. Dry mouth
  • C. Hypotension
  • D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Atenolol is a beta-blocker that works by lowering blood pressure. A common side effect of atenolol is hypotension, where blood pressure drops too low. Therefore, the nurse should monitor the client for signs and symptoms of hypotension to prevent any complications. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because tachycardia (fast heart rate), dry mouth, and increased appetite are not common side effects of atenolol. Hypotension is the expected side effect due to the medication's mechanism of action.

Drugs that should be avoided in the elderly include:

  • A. Acetaminophen
  • B. Amitriptyline
  • C. Amoxicillin
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is correct because amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, is avoided in the elderly (per Beers Criteria) due to anticholinergic effects causing confusion, constipation, and falls. Choice A is incorrect as acetaminophen is safe. Choice C is wrong because amoxicillin is appropriate with dose adjustment. Choice D is incorrect since only amitriptyline fits.

VKORC1 genetic variations would affect which drug?

  • A. Warfarin
  • B. Codeine
  • C. Acetaminophen
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because VKORC1 variants alter warfarin's target enzyme, affecting its anticoagulant effect and requiring dose adjustments. Choice B is incorrect as codeine's action is CYP2D6-mediated, not VKORC1-related. Choice C is wrong because acetaminophen doesn't interact with VKORC1—it's unrelated to coagulation. Choice D is incorrect since only warfarin is impacted by VKORC1 genetics.

Drugs that may cause anticholinergic effects include:

  • A. Diphenhydramine
  • B. Atenolol
  • C. Lisinopril
  • D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Choice A is correct because diphenhydramine has strong anticholinergic effects (e.g., confusion, dry mouth), risky in the elderly, per Beers Criteria. Choice B is incorrect as atenolol (beta blocker) lacks anticholinergic action. Choice C is wrong because lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) doesn't affect cholinergic systems. Choice D is incorrect since only diphenhydramine applies.

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