Nokea
A client has a prescription for a soft diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse offer?
- A. Fresh apples
- B. Mashed potatoes
- C. Raw carrots
- D. Nuts
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When a client is on a soft diet, it is important to offer foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Mashed potatoes are a suitable choice for a soft diet as they are soft in texture and easy to digest. Fresh apples, raw carrots, and nuts are harder and may not be appropriate for a soft diet. Fresh apples and raw carrots require more chewing, and nuts are hard and crunchy, which can be difficult for someone on a soft diet to consume. Therefore, mashed potatoes are the correct option for a client on a soft diet.
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A client with hyperkalemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct! Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia, it is essential to decrease the intake of potassium-rich foods since excess potassium can worsen the condition. By understanding the need to decrease potassium-rich foods, the client shows comprehension of the dietary management required for hyperkalemia. Choice A is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Choice C is incorrect since increasing sodium-rich foods is unrelated to managing hyperkalemia and could potentially lead to other health issues. Choice D is incorrect as decreasing sodium-rich foods is not the primary focus when managing hyperkalemia.
A client has a tracheostomy and requires suctioning. Which of the following actions should be taken?
- A. Hyperoxygenate the client before suctioning
- B. Insert the catheter while exhalation
- C. Apply suction after inserting the catheter
- D. Limit suctioning to no more than 15 seconds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hyperoxygenating the client before suctioning is crucial to prevent hypoxia during the procedure. By using a manual resuscitation bag with 100% oxygen, the nurse should provide several breaths to the client to ensure sufficient oxygenation before starting suctioning. This approach helps maintain oxygen levels and decreases the risk of hypoxia, which may arise when suctioning interrupts the normal respiratory process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because inserting the catheter during exhalation, applying suction while inserting the catheter, and limiting suctioning to 15 seconds do not address the priority of hyperoxygenating the client to prevent hypoxia.
Which of the following statement is NOT true about active listening?
- A. Involves feedback
- B. Shows empathy
- C. Ignores patient
- D. Part of communication
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Active listening involves feedback (A), shows empathy (B), is communication (D) 'ignores patient' (C) isn't true, focuses on them, per technique. C's neglect contradicts listening's intent, like with Mr. Gary, making it untrue.
Which of the following is TRUE about the human needs?
- A. May not be deferred
- B. Are not interrelated
- C. Met in exact and rigid way
- D. Priorities are alterable
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maslow's theory (1940s) allows need priorities to shift e.g., delaying hunger for safety in crisis. Needs interrelate (safety affects esteem), aren't rigid, and can be deferred. Nurses adapt care e.g., addressing fear before nutrition in trauma reflecting this alterability, key to responsive patient management.
According to Maslow, which of the following is TRUE about a self actualized person?
- A. Makes decision contrary to public opinion
- B. Do not predict events
- C. Self centered
- D. Maximum degree of self conflict
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Maslow's self-actualized individual (1940s) decides independently e.g., rejecting trends for ethics. They predict events (insight), aren't self-centered (altruistic), and minimize conflict. Nurses foster this e.g., supporting unconventional choices enhancing self-directed health decisions, per humanistic theory.