Nokea
A client has applied a cold pack to their arm to help decrease swelling and inflammation after an injury. Which of the following signs indicates that the cold pack should be removed?
- A. The skin on the arm appears mottled
- B. The cold pack has been in place for 10 minutes
- C. The client complains of feeling nauseated
- D. The capillary refill in the area distal to the arm is 2 seconds
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When using a cold pack for therapeutic purposes, it is essential to monitor the site to prevent tissue damage. Prolonged use of cold therapy can lead to pale, mottled skin with a bluish appearance. This change in skin color indicates poor circulation, and the cold pack should be removed immediately to prevent tissue injury. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the duration of cold pack application, client complaints of nausea, and capillary refill time do not specifically indicate the need for the cold pack to be removed due to potential tissue damage.
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During the general survey, what action is a component of the assessment?
- A. Observing the patient's body stature and nutritional status
- B. Interpreting the subjective information reported by the patient
- C. Measuring the patient's temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure
- D. Observing specific body systems during the physical assessment
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During the general survey, the nurse assesses the patient's overall appearance, body structure, mobility, and behavior, which includes observing body stature and nutritional status. Interpreting subjective information reported by the patient is part of the subjective data collection process and not the general survey. Measuring vital signs like temperature, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure is part of a focused physical examination, not the general survey. Additionally, observing specific body systems while performing a physical assessment is more specific and focused than the general survey.
What is the initial step to take when a patient passes out at the front desk?
- A. Call 911.
- B. Initiate CPR.
- C. Shake the patient and ask if they are okay.
- D. Check for a pulse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct initial step when a patient passes out at the front desk is to shake the patient gently and ask if they are okay. This step aims to assess the patient's level of responsiveness. Checking for a pulse or initiating CPR should only be done if the patient does not respond to being shaken. Calling 911 can be the next step after assessing the patient's immediate condition and providing necessary assistance.
Your patient who had AIDS/HIV has just died. Should you still use standard precautions as you provide post-mortem care?
- A. Yes, because the virus is still transmissible
- B. Yes, because respect must still be maintained
- C. No, because the virus is no longer transmissible
- D. No, because it is disrespectful
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Yes, you should still use standard precautions even after an HIV/AIDS patient has died. The virus can remain infectious after death, and healthcare workers need to protect themselves from potential exposure. Choice B is incorrect because while respect is important, the primary reason for using standard precautions is to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Choice C is incorrect as the virus can still be transmissible even after the patient's death. Choice D is incorrect as using standard precautions is a matter of infection control, not a question of respect.
Improper placement of the hands under the rib cage when performing the Heimlich maneuver could result in:
- A. damage to the manubrium of the sternum.
- B. damage to the xiphoid process.
- C. damage to the coccyx.
- D. None of the above is possible, even with improper hand placement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The xiphoid process is a small, cartilaginous extension at the inferior end of the sternum. Placing the hands improperly during the Heimlich maneuver too close to this process can result in it breaking off and potentially causing damage to internal organs. Choices A and C are incorrect because the manubrium of the sternum and the coccyx are not in the area where the hands would typically be placed during the Heimlich maneuver.
A healthcare professional is preparing to administer a dose of platelets to a client. Which of the following actions must the healthcare professional perform before giving the platelets?
- A. Start an IV of 0.9% Normal Saline to administer with the platelets
- B. Ensure the container with the platelets is intact and not damaged
- C. Verify the client's identity using two unique identifiers
- D. Check the client's chart to ensure no contraindications to platelet transfusion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Before administering platelets, it is crucial to check the integrity of the container holding the blood product. An intact container ensures the sterility and safety of the platelets, minimizing the risk of contamination or infection. Option A is incorrect as administering platelets typically does not require starting a new IV line unless indicated for the specific patient. Option C is not the priority as verifying the client's identity can be done at any point during the administration process but is not specific to the platelet transfusion itself. Option D, checking the client's chart for antibiotic use, is not directly related to ensuring the safety of the blood product container.